{"id":"46f11930-dad6-536d-a617-82146ba81fd5","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:no-pathway-inhibitor","predicate":"decreases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"NO-cGMP inhibitor interventions abolished the reported anthocyanin-associated endothelial response in a small human experiment.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"12b59b19-4cca-502e-888b-2d721593e11d","mechanism_event_label":"NO-cGMP inhibitor interventions abolished the reported anthocyanin-associated endothelial response in a small human experiment.","subject":{"id":"b5c2e6e4-74f5-5677-82bf-27d6425dc76b","slug":"berry-anthocyanins-zhu-2011","display_name":"Purified berry anthocyanin mixture in Zhu 2011","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"a557fb69-ee27-5be9-8318-227c570267ff","slug":"flow-mediated-dilation","display_name":"Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"12b59b19-4cca-502e-888b-2d721593e11d","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:no-pathway-inhibitor-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"NO-cGMP inhibitor interventions abolished the reported anthocyanin-associated endothelial response in a small human experiment.","description":"**Purified berry anthocyanins changed human vascular function.** A 2011 study included a 12-person acute crossover and a 150-person, 12-week trial of 320 mg/day. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma cGMP improved; LDL cholesterol and soluble VCAM-1 decreased, with HDL cholesterol increasing. Additional inhibitor experiments in six people and rat aortic rings supported involvement of NO–cGMP signaling. The accessible abstract does not identify every inhibitor or its route, so this reference does not invent those details. FMD is vascular physiology, not proof of a particular parent molecule binding eNOS or prevention of cardiovascular events. [Zhu et al., 2011](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21926181/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"b5c2e6e4-74f5-5677-82bf-27d6425dc76b","slug":"berry-anthocyanins-zhu-2011","display_name":"Purified berry anthocyanin mixture in Zhu 2011","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Anthocyanin intervention in the presence of NO-cGMP inhibition","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a557fb69-ee27-5be9-8318-227c570267ff","slug":"flow-mediated-dilation","display_name":"Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"decrease","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"c654de33-e457-5ca0-8ee6-9f85cdb01c52","slug":"no-cgmp-pathway","display_name":"The nitric oxide to soluble guanylate cyclase to cyclic GMP pathway","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"inhibited pathway","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"administered","comparator":"Anthocyanin intervention without pathway inhibition","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"berry-anthocyanins-zhu-2011","display_name":"Purified berry anthocyanin mixture in Zhu 2011","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"pharmacologically inhibited","comparator":"Anthocyanin intervention without pathway inhibition","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"no-cgmp-pathway","display_name":"The nitric oxide to soluble guanylate cyclase to cyclic GMP pathway","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"}},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Anthocyanin intervention in the presence of NO-cGMP inhibition\", \"comparator\": \"Anthocyanin intervention without pathway inhibition\", \"endpoint\": \"NO-cGMP inhibitor interventions abolished the reported anthocyanin-associated endothelial response in a small human experiment.\", \"effect_direction\": \"decrease\", \"combination\": \"joint\", \"conditions\": [{\"entity_slug\": \"berry-anthocyanins-zhu-2011\", \"state\": \"administered\"}, {\"entity_slug\": \"no-cgmp-pathway\", \"state\": \"pharmacologically inhibited\"}]}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Six-person human NO-cGMP inhibitor experiment, distinct from the 150-person trial and rat aortic-ring experiment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Abstract-level extraction: exact human inhibitor, dose and route not verified. Does not demonstrate direct parent binding to eNOS.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"NO-cGMP inhibitor interventions abolished the reported anthocyanin-associated endothelial response in a small human experiment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Purified anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelial function via NO-cGMP activation in hypercholesterolemic individuals. | 2011 | DOI 10.1373/clinchem.2011.167361 | PMID 21926181 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21926181/ | https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.167361","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 52-52; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b2197f4f-7538-5fd5-adae-0ba3f5ddf526","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 52-52","start_line":52,"end_line":52,"excerpt":"**Purified berry anthocyanins changed human vascular function.** A 2011 study included a 12-person acute crossover and a 150-person, 12-week trial of 320 mg/day. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma cGMP improved; LDL cholesterol and soluble VCAM-1 decreased, with HDL cholesterol increasing. Additional inhibitor experiments in six people and rat aortic rings supported involvement of NO–cGMP signaling. The accessible abstract does not identify every inhibitor or its route, so this reference does not invent those details. FMD is vascular physiology, not proof of a particular parent molecule binding eNOS or prevention of cardiovascular events. [Zhu et al., 2011](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21926181/).","model_system":"Six-person human NO-cGMP inhibitor experiment, distinct from the 150-person trial and rat aortic-ring experiment.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b08e7f7d-4d34-56d7-a185-2124f8d72b3c","stable_key":"import-35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769","title":"Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"7cff1a47fbd9c625412b84162b1c823004b4162b7c009f9a11d5807fb8e04ef9","revision_id":"1bd4fa42-bfeb-5148-8250-fc363d8c1de0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}