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(2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312283/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.011","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Hepatic TMA oxidation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"7c4fe984-9666-57b9-be42-f2b7d3459980","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1127-1138","start_line":1127,"end_line":1138,"excerpt":"### choline-fmo1-tmao\nFMO1 also oxidized TMA in the comparison, with FMO3 showing about tenfold higher specific activity.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The related enzymes differed quantitatively in this preparation.\norganism: Human recombinant FMO1 assay\ntissue_or_cell_type: Hepatic TMA oxidation\nexperimental_model: Recombinant FMO comparison, mouse manipulation and human expression analyses\nlimitations: Enzyme activity, circulating TMAO and clinical disease are different endpoints. Sex regulation is not assigned universally across species.\nexposure: FMO1/FMO3 enzyme assays; mouse Fmo3 overexpression and silencing\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/choline-research/23312283.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"e7c2641ac478a43513c49a68d2ba21e40aa909b32269e91d106072a9028febae\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1052, \"text_sha256\": \"e7c2641ac478a43513c49a68d2ba21e40aa909b32269e91d106072a9028febae\"}\n[choline-p23312283] Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312283/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.011","model_system":"Recombinant FMO comparison, mouse manipulation and human expression analyses","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [choline-p23312283] Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation. (2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312283/ DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.011","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"0ba2f05e-5cf5-5bd7-ae5d-0ab4945fcb7b","stable_key":"import-27e0c1cf-7726-5164-8b15-27a631584cd0","title":"Choline: metabolism, signaling and nutrient connections (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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