{"id":"45c40ce7-5d0d-5ca9-8797-8544512a63dc","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:rat-glucuronidation","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"Separate rat microsomal experiments glucuronidated anthocyanins when activated glucuronic acid was supplied.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"21a840c7-a47d-5f3d-b916-35ea85f5adc7","mechanism_event_label":"Separate rat microsomal experiments glucuronidated anthocyanins when activated glucuronic acid was supplied.","subject":{"id":"d698d44e-2dc6-52b3-b23e-61437e2ed2f1","slug":"anthocyanins-fecal-incubation-mixture","display_name":"Anthocyanin preparations tested in human fecal incubations","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"690c0560-8839-5e86-bfb4-79efba0782e2","slug":"rat-microsomal-anthocyanin-glucuronidation","display_name":"Anthocyanin glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"21a840c7-a47d-5f3d-b916-35ea85f5adc7","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:rat-glucuronidation-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Separate rat microsomal experiments glucuronidated anthocyanins when activated glucuronic acid was supplied.","description":"**Microbial cleavage and host conjugation are distinct steps.** Anaerobic human fecal incubations degraded glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins to B-ring-derived phenolic acids. Separate rat-liver microsome experiments produced glucuronides when supplied with activated glucuronic acid; the tested NADPH-supported P450 system did not hydroxylate or demethylate the pigments. These are model-specific positive and negative findings, not proof that all human metabolism is exclusively microbial or that every CYP interaction is absent. [Keppler and Humpf, 2005](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15834757/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"d698d44e-2dc6-52b3-b23e-61437e2ed2f1","slug":"anthocyanins-fecal-incubation-mixture","display_name":"Anthocyanin preparations tested in human fecal incubations","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"690c0560-8839-5e86-bfb4-79efba0782e2","slug":"rat-microsomal-anthocyanin-glucuronidation","display_name":"Anthocyanin glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"eae2da03-dcb6-570e-ac13-90d6b9673e3e","slug":"anthocyanin-glucuronides","display_name":"Anthocyanin glucuronides, assay product group","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"measured product group","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat liver microsomes with activated glucuronic acid; no inference to a specific human UGT isoform.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Interpret only within the recorded preparation, exposure and comparator. The complete source passage retains qualifications; unspecified doses/timing have not been extracted here. No clinical efficacy, nutrient deficiency or unique molecular mediation is inferred.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Separate rat microsomal experiments glucuronidated anthocyanins when activated glucuronic acid was supplied.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Stability and biotransformation of various dietary anthocyanins in vitro. | 2006 | DOI 10.1007/s00394-005-0557-8 | PMID 15834757 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15834757/ | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-005-0557-8","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 44-44; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"66fe2c2d-e2a6-5fed-ba9d-aec6f062c61d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 44-44","start_line":44,"end_line":44,"excerpt":"**Microbial cleavage and host conjugation are distinct steps.** Anaerobic human fecal incubations degraded glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins to B-ring-derived phenolic acids. Separate rat-liver microsome experiments produced glucuronides when supplied with activated glucuronic acid; the tested NADPH-supported P450 system did not hydroxylate or demethylate the pigments. These are model-specific positive and negative findings, not proof that all human metabolism is exclusively microbial or that every CYP interaction is absent. [Keppler and Humpf, 2005](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15834757/).","model_system":"Rat liver microsomes with activated glucuronic acid; no inference to a specific human UGT isoform.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. 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