{"id":"45390afc-3166-567d-b137-eb7f8e8f6e2c","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-acyl-immune-respiration","predicate":"impairs","statement":"Adding palmitoylcarnitine impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and spare respiratory capacity in leukocytes from healthy donors.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"e323678b-8ddd-50e6-ad96-c4380bd49596","mechanism_event_label":"A loaded carnitine molecule can have effects beyond carrying fuel.","subject":{"id":"f1c881ce-8094-5602-bb97-074377340185","slug":"palmitoylcarnitine","display_name":"Palmitoyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"2f9ef2f5-812d-5718-b1cf-9171df562b0e","slug":"human-leukocyte-palmitoylcarnitine-respiration","display_name":"Human leukocyte respiration during palmitoylcarnitine exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"e323678b-8ddd-50e6-ad96-c4380bd49596","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-acyl-immune-respiration-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"A loaded carnitine molecule can have effects beyond carrying fuel.","description":"Adding palmitoylcarnitine impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and spare respiratory capacity in leukocytes from healthy donors.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f1c881ce-8094-5602-bb97-074377340185","slug":"palmitoylcarnitine","display_name":"Palmitoyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2f9ef2f5-812d-5718-b1cf-9171df562b0e","slug":"human-leukocyte-palmitoylcarnitine-respiration","display_name":"Human leukocyte respiration during palmitoylcarnitine exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract and full-text PBMC exposure methods and results","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human donor leukocytes ex vivo; a separate cohort comparison measured acylcarnitines in decompensated cirrhosis.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"PBMCs were exposed to 2.5-25 micromolar palmitoylcarnitine for four hours; this is not equivalent to taking free L-carnitine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A loaded carnitine molecule can have effects beyond carrying fuel.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Palmitoylcarnitine impairs immunity in decompensated cirrhosis. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39524205/ · DOI 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101187","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"13471e46-6426-5162-b9e9-696f2ee2db64","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 506-512","start_line":506,"end_line":512,"excerpt":"## l-carnitine-acyl-immune-respiration\nA loaded carnitine molecule can have effects beyond carrying fuel.\nAdding palmitoylcarnitine impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and spare respiratory capacity in leukocytes from healthy donors.\nModel: Human donor leukocytes ex vivo; a separate cohort comparison measured acylcarnitines in decompensated cirrhosis.\nLimitations: PBMCs were exposed to 2.5-25 micromolar palmitoylcarnitine for four hours; this is not equivalent to taking free L-carnitine.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract and full-text PBMC exposure methods and results\nPalmitoylcarnitine impairs immunity in decompensated cirrhosis. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39524205/ · DOI 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101187","model_system":"Human donor leukocytes ex vivo; a separate cohort comparison measured acylcarnitines in decompensated cirrhosis.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e2c9c42b-806a-55e2-abde-b0320ea94704","stable_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; 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