{"id":"4490f10d-d9c0-5a98-8d83-254bc52ef7a5","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-microbial-induction","predicate":"chronic_exposure_induces","statement":"Chronic carnitine exposure increased microbial gamma-butyrobetaine-to-TMA conversion; baseline labeled TMAO generation was greater in omnivores.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"48846c92-c673-5846-8b19-d37e444eccd4","mechanism_event_label":"The response depends partly on microbial adaptation and diet.","subject":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"b7cabc91-609a-5503-a913-15fcbd6568cc","slug":"human-microbial-gbb-tma-conversion","display_name":"Human gut microbial gamma-butyrobetaine-to-TMA conversion","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"48846c92-c673-5846-8b19-d37e444eccd4","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-microbial-induction-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The response depends partly on microbial adaptation and diet.","description":"Chronic carnitine exposure increased microbial gamma-butyrobetaine-to-TMA conversion; 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isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The response depends partly on microbial adaptation and diet.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"l-Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530985/ · DOI 10.1172/JCI94601","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"ee7d2226-fbed-5440-9a51-f0915890bdaa","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 354-360","start_line":354,"end_line":360,"excerpt":"## l-carnitine-microbial-induction\nThe response depends partly on microbial adaptation and diet.\nChronic carnitine exposure increased microbial gamma-butyrobetaine-to-TMA conversion; baseline labeled TMAO generation was greater in omnivores.\nModel: Human isotope challenges before/after at least two months of supplementation.\nLimitations: A metabolite-production study does not prove cardiovascular events from a given supplement dose.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nl-Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530985/ · DOI 10.1172/JCI94601","model_system":"Human isotope challenges before/after at least two months of supplementation.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e2c9c42b-806a-55e2-abde-b0320ea94704","stable_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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