{"id":"43693737-8942-5d5f-9917-554912deb514","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-indicaxanthin-ldl-binding","predicate":"incorporates_into","statement":"Adding indicaxanthin to human plasma produced pigment-enriched LDL after particle isolation.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"a2d617c3-329b-55f5-a1f2-b8d0c666a1d1","mechanism_event_label":"Adding indicaxanthin to human plasma produced pigment-enriched LDL after particle isolation.","subject":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"19901d14-1463-5a22-b2f5-afdfb70a7a23","slug":"ldl-particles","display_name":"Low-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"a2d617c3-329b-55f5-a1f2-b8d0c666a1d1","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-indicaxanthin-ldl-binding-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Adding indicaxanthin to human plasma produced pigment-enriched LDL after particle isolation.","description":"Adding indicaxanthin to human plasma produced pigment-enriched LDL after particle isolation.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"19901d14-1463-5a22-b2f5-afdfb70a7a23","slug":"ldl-particles","display_name":"Low-density lipoprotein particles; preparation specified","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"25-100 micromolar pigment added to plasma; copper-triggered LDL oxidation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Kinetic oxidation assay; incubation duration not specified in accessed abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Plasma spiking exceeds typical dietary parent-pigment exposure; vitamin synergy refers only to this assay.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"betalains","display_name":"Betalains","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Adding indicaxanthin to human plasma produced pigment-enriched LDL after particle isolation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Increased resistance to oxidation of betalain-enriched human low density lipoproteins. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12868496/ DOI: 10.1080/1071576031000097490","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Ex vivo spiking, not oral dosing","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Plasma and LDL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"15a9e9e9-b1ac-510f-9226-970a622c988f","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 67-75","start_line":67,"end_line":75,"excerpt":"## betalains-indicaxanthin-ldl-binding\nAdding indicaxanthin to human plasma produced pigment-enriched LDL after particle isolation.\nModel/species: Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL\nTissue: Plasma and LDL\nExposure: 25-100 micromolar pigment added to plasma; copper-triggered LDL oxidation\nRoute: Ex vivo spiking, not oral dosing\nDuration: Kinetic oxidation assay; incubation duration not specified in accessed abstract\nLimits: Plasma spiking exceeds typical dietary parent-pigment exposure; vitamin synergy refers only to this assay.\nPrimary reference: Increased resistance to oxidation of betalain-enriched human low density lipoproteins. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12868496/ DOI: 10.1080/1071576031000097490","model_system":"Human pooled plasma from 10 healthy donors; isolated LDL","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; an original paraphrase with an individually identified primary reference.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"be94d093-444c-5729-8831-bc33b0ef2fd7","stable_key":"import-cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c","title":"Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"adb4fb8586481a69da5d2fe5cf62ad1dae2509af524352673fc7427123eeda87","revision_id":"a328b3f9-66d2-59e2-bd8f-de651c3c7649","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}