{"id":"3caa389e-717c-5bb3-aa08-9835c2b2f6de","stable_key":"182336c6-ed36-5ec6-8a09-25c31096262e:dim-dim-sulfation","predicate":"form","statement":"Sulfate conjugates of hydroxylated DIM products were detected in human samples.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"7831a641-791f-551a-894e-a038b7a7c5c8","mechanism_event_label":"Sulfur-containing conjugation is another handling route; its presence does not demonstrate sulfate depletion.","subject":{"id":"70945460-ab50-5c8b-9a2e-ea593789bab3","slug":"dim-hydroxylated-metabolites","display_name":"Hydroxylated DIM metabolites, mixed analytical pool","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"61d8c6fb-f165-5b78-bc2e-6e8176473f11","slug":"dim-sulfate-metabolites","display_name":"DIM-derived sulfate conjugates, mixed analytical pool","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"7831a641-791f-551a-894e-a038b7a7c5c8","stable_key":"182336c6-ed36-5ec6-8a09-25c31096262e:dim-dim-sulfation-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"Sulfur-containing conjugation is another handling route; its presence does not demonstrate sulfate depletion.","description":"Sulfate conjugates of hydroxylated DIM products were detected in human samples.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"70945460-ab50-5c8b-9a2e-ea593789bab3","slug":"dim-hydroxylated-metabolites","display_name":"Hydroxylated DIM metabolites, mixed analytical pool","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"61d8c6fb-f165-5b78-bc2e-6e8176473f11","slug":"dim-sulfate-metabolites","display_name":"DIM-derived sulfate conjugates, mixed analytical pool","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/dim-research/34035125.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"0df37954db1da2ae488edb763e1397977b65d206cdd52269a5a882b62e8748ff\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2514, \"text_sha256\": \"0df37954db1da2ae488edb763e1397977b65d206cdd52269a5a882b62e8748ff\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human serial plasma/urine mass spectrometry and reporter assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Two BR-DIM 150 capsules nightly for one week; measured 45.3 mg DIM per capsule","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Small mixed-sex sample. Product label mass and measured DIM content differ. Some metabolite structures were tentative; reporter activity was not a clinical response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"dim","display_name":"3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Seven adults; mouse Hepa1 reporter cells","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Sulfur-containing conjugation is another handling route; its presence does not demonstrate sulfate depletion.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[dim-p34035125] 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Exhibits Significant Metabolism after Oral Dosing in Humans. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34035125/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000346","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"DIM metabolism and metabolite signaling","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"0fafaa19-ceaf-5787-859f-98cb59e14e33","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 233-244","start_line":233,"end_line":244,"excerpt":"### dim-dim-sulfation\nSulfate conjugates of hydroxylated DIM products were detected in human samples.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Sulfur-containing conjugation is another handling route; its presence does not demonstrate sulfate depletion.\norganism: Seven adults; mouse Hepa1 reporter cells\ntissue_or_cell_type: DIM metabolism and metabolite signaling\nexperimental_model: Human serial plasma/urine mass spectrometry and reporter assays\nlimitations: Small mixed-sex sample. Product label mass and measured DIM content differ. Some metabolite structures were tentative; reporter activity was not a clinical response.\nexposure: Two BR-DIM 150 capsules nightly for one week; measured 45.3 mg DIM per capsule\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/dim-research/34035125.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"0df37954db1da2ae488edb763e1397977b65d206cdd52269a5a882b62e8748ff\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2514, \"text_sha256\": \"0df37954db1da2ae488edb763e1397977b65d206cdd52269a5a882b62e8748ff\"}\n[dim-p34035125] 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Exhibits Significant Metabolism after Oral Dosing in Humans. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34035125/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000346","model_system":"Human serial plasma/urine mass spectrometry and reporter assays","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [dim-p34035125] 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Exhibits Significant Metabolism after Oral Dosing in Humans. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34035125/ DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000346","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b6d70682-97f9-5893-a03c-f9f88836033c","stable_key":"import-182336c6-ed36-5ec6-8a09-25c31096262e","title":"Diindolylmethane (DIM): formation, receptor signaling, metabolism and drug interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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