{"id":"398fdd66-1b38-50cc-bc8c-4898f0bcc9fe","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-ampk-response","predicate":"increases_signaling_of","statement":"Chromium picolinate increased AMPK signaling in L6 myotubes without enhancing the proximal insulin-signaling responses measured in that experiment.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"bdc9b032-30b5-588e-8c56-82e3a86bd985","mechanism_event_label":"The response involved the cell’s energy-sensing pathway rather than a measured increase in proximal insulin signaling.","subject":{"id":"89d5d39c-2663-5e0c-8eae-562a5b25a47d","slug":"chromium-iii-picolinate","display_name":"Chromium(III) picolinate / CrPic","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"378e97ad-f6dc-5b66-a889-e95543049489","slug":"rat-ampk-complexes","display_name":"Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complexes","entity_type_key":"protein_family"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"bdc9b032-30b5-588e-8c56-82e3a86bd985","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-ampk-response-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"The response involved the cell’s energy-sensing pathway rather than a measured increase in proximal insulin signaling.","description":"Chromium picolinate increased AMPK signaling in L6 myotubes without enhancing the proximal insulin-signaling responses measured in that experiment.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"89d5d39c-2663-5e0c-8eae-562a5b25a47d","slug":"chromium-iii-picolinate","display_name":"Chromium(III) picolinate / CrPic","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"378e97ad-f6dc-5b66-a889-e95543049489","slug":"rat-ampk-complexes","display_name":"Rat AMP-activated protein kinase complexes","entity_type_key":"protein_family"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/24725432.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"f172a147ded27e509e27d5bcc53ad6dc3e8b22b424ab021515b205ae29bccbc4\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1788, \"text_sha256\": \"f172a147ded27e509e27d5bcc53ad6dc3e8b22b424ab021515b205ae29bccbc4\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Hyperinsulinemia model with AMPK silencing","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Chromium picolinate during chronic low-dose insulin exposure, followed by acute insulin response; AMPK siRNA","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Cell-culture mechanism. The indexed abstract identifies AMPK depletion without resolving the targeted catalytic isoform; family-level identity is retained. This is not a dietary repletion or human treatment experiment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat L6 skeletal muscle myotubes","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The response involved the cell’s energy-sensing pathway rather than a measured increase in proximal insulin signaling.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p24725432] Chromium enhances insulin responsiveness via AMPK. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24725432/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.01.007","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Cultured muscle plasma membrane and cortical actin","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"cfe88924-5155-5a3b-8137-2e08ec2ec505","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 354-365","start_line":354,"end_line":365,"excerpt":"### chromium-ampk-response\nChromium picolinate increased AMPK signaling in L6 myotubes without enhancing the proximal insulin-signaling responses measured in that experiment.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The response involved the cell’s energy-sensing pathway rather than a measured increase in proximal insulin signaling.\norganism: Rat L6 skeletal muscle myotubes\ntissue_or_cell_type: Cultured muscle plasma membrane and cortical actin\nexperimental_model: Hyperinsulinemia model with AMPK silencing\nlimitations: Cell-culture mechanism. The indexed abstract identifies AMPK depletion without resolving the targeted catalytic isoform; family-level identity is retained. This is not a dietary repletion or human treatment experiment.\nexposure: Chromium picolinate during chronic low-dose insulin exposure, followed by acute insulin response; AMPK siRNA\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/24725432.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"f172a147ded27e509e27d5bcc53ad6dc3e8b22b424ab021515b205ae29bccbc4\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1788, \"text_sha256\": \"f172a147ded27e509e27d5bcc53ad6dc3e8b22b424ab021515b205ae29bccbc4\"}\n[chromium-p24725432] Chromium enhances insulin responsiveness via AMPK. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24725432/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.01.007","model_system":"Hyperinsulinemia model with AMPK silencing","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [chromium-p24725432] Chromium enhances insulin responsiveness via AMPK. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24725432/ DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.01.007","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"fa96342a-ca01-5425-98d9-d50e29bf0abd","stable_key":"import-4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555","title":"Chromium: transport, insulin signaling, nutrient interactions and essentiality debate (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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