{"id":"393d21e5-1534-50ca-977c-85436fe33f6d","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-plaque-mice","predicate":"reduces_in_choline_fed_apoe_knockout_mice","statement":"Berberine reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in choline-fed ApoE-knockout mice.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"a118d750-c84e-5a12-a00e-861d69aaf965","mechanism_event_label":"This is an animal disease outcome, separate from the microbial reaction records.","subject":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"d1000c25-4edb-5821-b67a-29e5513f50f8","slug":"atherosclerotic-lesion-area","display_name":"Atherosclerotic lesion area","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"a118d750-c84e-5a12-a00e-861d69aaf965","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-plaque-mice-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"This is an animal disease outcome, separate from the microbial reaction records.","description":"Berberine reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in choline-fed ApoE-knockout mice.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d1000c25-4edb-5821-b67a-29e5513f50f8","slug":"atherosclerotic-lesion-area","display_name":"Atherosclerotic lesion area","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/33863898.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1309, \"text_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Choline tracer, microbial culture, microbiome transfer and atherosclerosis models","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Choline-supplemented chow and berberine; deuterated choline tracing","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Human fecal culture is not a human treatment trial. Reduced TMAO in mice does not establish fewer human cardiovascular events or justify reducing essential choline intake.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"C57BL/6J and ApoE-knockout mice; bacterial cultures and human fecal consortia","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"This is an animal disease outcome, separate from the microbial reaction records.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[berberine-p33863898] Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33863898/ DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Microbial choline metabolism","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f983d1ea-ace5-5b34-b038-2d73a0fed42f","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1117-1128","start_line":1117,"end_line":1128,"excerpt":"### berberine-plaque-mice\nBerberine reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in choline-fed ApoE-knockout mice.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: This is an animal disease outcome, separate from the microbial reaction records.\norganism: C57BL/6J and ApoE-knockout mice; bacterial cultures and human fecal consortia\ntissue_or_cell_type: Microbial choline metabolism\nexperimental_model: Choline tracer, microbial culture, microbiome transfer and atherosclerosis models\nlimitations: Human fecal culture is not a human treatment trial. Reduced TMAO in mice does not establish fewer human cardiovascular events or justify reducing essential choline intake.\nexposure: Choline-supplemented chow and berberine; deuterated choline tracing\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/33863898.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1309, \"text_sha256\": \"a81ea95bbf1d7f7f1e924998b9e02bc29d908d759dd575ffdf9c56bf4deb9b77\"}\n[berberine-p33863898] Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33863898/ DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8","model_system":"Choline tracer, microbial culture, microbiome transfer and atherosclerosis models","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [berberine-p33863898] Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. 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