{"id":"3934bf1a-0393-5d6f-b85c-a484dae6de39","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-kidney-protection","predicate":"reduces","statement":"Sodium butyrate reduced proteinuria, podocyte loss and renal injury in the mouse Adriamycin-nephropathy study.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"0add62b1-1683-5b8a-9fc9-8e18e482ab58","mechanism_event_label":"The experimental benefit extended beyond the gut to the kidney.","subject":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"e8ae3c4f-d908-5430-b044-cfbb286f8f1c","slug":"mouse-butyrate-podocyte-injury","display_name":"Mouse podocyte injury and proteinuria after butyrate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"0add62b1-1683-5b8a-9fc9-8e18e482ab58","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-kidney-protection-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The experimental benefit extended beyond the gut to the kidney.","description":"Sodium butyrate reduced proteinuria, podocyte loss and renal injury in the mouse Adriamycin-nephropathy study.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e8ae3c4f-d908-5430-b044-cfbb286f8f1c","slug":"mouse-butyrate-podocyte-injury","display_name":"Mouse podocyte injury and proteinuria after butyrate","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"c9d27457-988d-5d60-bba4-44e320789996","slug":"mouse-hcar2","display_name":"Mouse Hcar2 / PUMA-G receptor","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4baf6011-dcc4-5a69-9c77-a21de6060383","slug":"sodium-butyrate","display_name":"Sodium butyrate","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mouse induced-nephropathy intervention, with a separate butyrate-releasing starch arm.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Not evidence of efficacy in all human kidney diseases.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The experimental benefit extended beyond the gut to the kidney.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Gut microbial metabolite butyrate protects against proteinuric kidney disease through epigenetic- and GPR109a-mediated mechanisms. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31366236/ · DOI 10.1096/fj.201901080R","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"5344a3e2-479c-5f77-9b50-7f834740ba6e","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 606-612","start_line":606,"end_line":612,"excerpt":"## butyrate-kidney-protection\nThe experimental benefit extended beyond the gut to the kidney.\nSodium butyrate reduced proteinuria, podocyte loss and renal injury in the mouse Adriamycin-nephropathy study.\nModel: Mouse induced-nephropathy intervention, with a separate butyrate-releasing starch arm.\nLimitations: Not evidence of efficacy in all human kidney diseases.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nGut microbial metabolite butyrate protects against proteinuric kidney disease through epigenetic- and GPR109a-mediated mechanisms. · 2019 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31366236/ · DOI 10.1096/fj.201901080R","model_system":"Mouse induced-nephropathy intervention, with a separate butyrate-releasing starch arm.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; 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