{"id":"391c068c-a35b-5c06-aa71-1224dcfcb3c7","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-human-glucagon","predicate":"modestly_increases_peak","statement":"Intravenous alanine produced a minor increase in peak glucagon, whereas arginine was the strongest tested stimulus and significantly increased both peak and 30-minute incremental area.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b9c9ad34-95b9-5d01-90b5-ec3a099a2fdf","mechanism_event_label":"Alanine and arginine were not interchangeable glucagon signals.","subject":{"id":"ebdc4461-c059-563e-88b0-422c21fdaa25","slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"0d66de69-309f-5380-b6d0-0505516f1103","slug":"human-iv-alanine-glucagon","display_name":"Glucagon response to intravenous alanine","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b9c9ad34-95b9-5d01-90b5-ec3a099a2fdf","stable_key":"10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c:alanine-human-glucagon-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Alanine and arginine were not interchangeable glucagon signals.","description":"Intravenous alanine produced a minor increase in peak glucagon, whereas arginine was the strongest tested stimulus and significantly increased both peak and 30-minute incremental area.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"ebdc4461-c059-563e-88b0-422c21fdaa25","slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0d66de69-309f-5380-b6d0-0505516f1103","slug":"human-iv-alanine-glucagon","display_name":"Glucagon response to intravenous alanine","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"eeca3c9e-7749-5677-b7bd-37fe8f7c228d","slug":"arginine","display_name":"L-Arginine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Double-blind randomized crossover in 12 healthy men; equimolar IV amino-acid boluses on separate days after an overnight fast.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"A peak response is not equivalent to a significant integrated response; small male-only study.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Alanine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"alanine","display_name":"L-Alanine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Alanine and arginine were not interchangeable glucagon signals.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Intravenous Arginine Stimulates Glucagon Secretion More Than Equimolar Alanine, Leucine, Glutamine, and Proline in Humans. · 2025 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40980546/ · DOI 10.1210/jendso/bvaf139","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"9dd96e68-5984-5215-a0f4-248ae725c5db","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 336-342","start_line":336,"end_line":342,"excerpt":"## alanine-human-glucagon\nAlanine and arginine were not interchangeable glucagon signals.\nIntravenous alanine produced a minor increase in peak glucagon, whereas arginine was the strongest tested stimulus and significantly increased both peak and 30-minute incremental area.\nModel: Double-blind randomized crossover in 12 healthy men; equimolar IV amino-acid boluses on separate days after an overnight fast.\nLimitations: A peak response is not equivalent to a significant integrated response; small male-only study.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nIntravenous Arginine Stimulates Glucagon Secretion More Than Equimolar Alanine, Leucine, Glutamine, and Proline in Humans. · 2025 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40980546/ · DOI 10.1210/jendso/bvaf139","model_system":"Double-blind randomized crossover in 12 healthy men; equimolar IV amino-acid boluses on separate days after an overnight fast.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"01c5554c-a8ba-5c86-9b01-a0fa1a886cdb","stable_key":"import-10aa417f-4b03-599f-a453-4aa09edeb27c","title":"L-Alanine: carbon, nitrogen, protein synthesis and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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