{"id":"38346f65-e9ff-5c74-ae4a-60dad7c0f574","stable_key":"c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87:fast-human-fgf-delay","predicate":"induces_late","statement":"FGF21 rose notably on days 7–10, after ketone concentrations had already increased.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"2eef5178-bef2-593b-a5f2-9034f63d6a5c","mechanism_event_label":"This hormone did not precede initial human ketogenesis.","subject":{"id":"2d5df4b9-44d7-56a5-8ecf-7c08c0ae9f4f","slug":"fasting","display_name":"Fasting / abstention from energy intake","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"object":{"id":"5ab67f11-d51b-5ec9-8eaf-e40815f1fc1a","slug":"fgf21","display_name":"Human fibroblast growth factor 21 / FGF21","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"2eef5178-bef2-593b-a5f2-9034f63d6a5c","stable_key":"c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87:fast-human-fgf-delay-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"This hormone did not precede initial human ketogenesis.","description":"FGF21 rose notably on days 7–10, after ketone concentrations had already increased.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"2d5df4b9-44d7-56a5-8ecf-7c08c0ae9f4f","slug":"fasting","display_name":"Fasting / abstention from energy intake","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5ab67f11-d51b-5ec9-8eaf-e40815f1fc1a","slug":"fgf21","display_name":"Human fibroblast growth factor 21 / FGF21","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"399b71e9-675f-5044-b2f3-7bcda41aaccb","slug":"ketogenesis","display_name":"Ketone-body production","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract; protocol checked in PMC4665770","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Eleven volunteers; ten-day fast with daily multivitamin, 20 mEq potassium chloride and 200 mg allopurinol.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Small supported protocol; timing does not exclude every possible FGF21 contribution.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Fasting physiological-state collection; human protocols, cellular deprivation and refeeding are distinguished.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"fasting","display_name":"Fasting / abstention from energy intake","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"This hormone did not precede initial human ketogenesis.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"FGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26529252/ · DOI 10.1172/JCI83349","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"7802a46f-4f80-5b56-ad78-788abd28664b","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 280-286","start_line":280,"end_line":286,"excerpt":"## fast-human-fgf-delay\nThis hormone did not precede initial human ketogenesis.\nFGF21 rose notably on days 7–10, after ketone concentrations had already increased.\nModel: Eleven volunteers; ten-day fast with daily multivitamin, 20 mEq potassium chloride and 200 mg allopurinol.\nLimitations: Small supported protocol; timing does not exclude every possible FGF21 contribution.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract; protocol checked in PMC4665770\nFGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans. · 2015 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26529252/ · DOI 10.1172/JCI83349","model_system":"Eleven volunteers; ten-day fast with daily multivitamin, 20 mEq potassium chloride and 200 mg allopurinol.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"921d1eb5-2c88-52b9-9898-60b2b5bf6029","stable_key":"import-c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87","title":"Fasting: fuel switching, nutrient sensing, ketone signaling, nutrient dependencies and refeeding (2026-09-18)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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