{"id":"35aa5865-509f-503a-be36-f5bab5cc105a","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:acetylcholine-carbon","predicate":"reported_relationship","statement":"ALCAR-derived labeled acetyl groups entered acetylcholine in rat-brain preparations and coupled enzyme assays.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"4339002c-8a77-5010-b4a4-84f978c756c7","mechanism_event_label":"ALCAR-derived labeled acetyl groups entered acetylcholine in rat-brain preparations and coupled enzyme assays.","subject":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"963557c0-40f9-5d57-8bb2-83336a873b58","slug":"rat-alcar-acetylcholine-label","display_name":"Rat brain acetylcholine labeling from ALCAR","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"4339002c-8a77-5010-b4a4-84f978c756c7","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:acetylcholine-carbon-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"ALCAR-derived labeled acetyl groups entered acetylcholine in rat-brain preparations and coupled enzyme assays.","description":"### acetylcholine-carbon\n\nALCAR-derived labeled acetyl groups entered acetylcholine in rat-brain preparations and coupled enzyme assays.\nConversion depended on ALCAR concentration and required CoA. CHAT transfers acetyl-CoA-derived acetyl to choline; the whole carnitine molecule does not become acetylcholine.\nModel and exposure: 1990 coupled carnitine acetyltransferase/choline acetyltransferase systems and rat synaptosomal-membrane preparations.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine. | 1990 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2215852/ | https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00973749 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"recorded factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"963557c0-40f9-5d57-8bb2-83336a873b58","slug":"rat-alcar-acetylcholine-label","display_name":"Rat brain acetylcholine labeling from ALCAR","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"60b09320-dced-520d-9d0c-18035aa08e8b","slug":"rat-crat","display_name":"Rat carnitine acetyltransferase / Crat","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"acetyl-transfer catalyst","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"38a51ef2-8cfd-5c64-aca5-b9b5c7e4f65c","slug":"rat-chat","display_name":"Rat choline acetyltransferase / Chat","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"acetylcholine-synthesis catalyst","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8e1d19fd-ad66-575d-81c4-9122f78915e5","slug":"choline","display_name":"Choline","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"required cosubstrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4faa6456-aff8-59eb-9e3f-3326a436e401","slug":"coenzyme-a","display_name":"Coenzyme A","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"required acetyl acceptor/recycled cofactor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"b7ed6e4c-e560-5cee-b68f-895f21862e6f","slug":"acetyl-coa","display_name":"Acetyl-CoA","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"intermediate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":6,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"564da968-7b87-55cf-b324-222979314e45","slug":"acetylcholine","display_name":"Acetylcholine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"labeled product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":7,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"1990 coupled carnitine acetyltransferase/choline acetyltransferase systems and rat synaptosomal-membrane preparations.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"ALCAR-derived labeled acetyl groups entered acetylcholine in rat-brain preparations and coupled enzyme assays.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2215852/ | https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00973749","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference acetylcholine-carbon; Conversion depended on ALCAR concentration and required CoA. CHAT transfers acetyl-CoA-derived acetyl to choline; the whole carnitine molecule does not become acetylcholine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"86c11b75-8268-5272-9d91-d4e4fc97bc02","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 148-154","start_line":148,"end_line":154,"excerpt":"### acetylcholine-carbon\n\nALCAR-derived labeled acetyl groups entered acetylcholine in rat-brain preparations and coupled enzyme assays.\nConversion depended on ALCAR concentration and required CoA. CHAT transfers acetyl-CoA-derived acetyl to choline; the whole carnitine molecule does not become acetylcholine.\nModel and exposure: 1990 coupled carnitine acetyltransferase/choline acetyltransferase systems and rat synaptosomal-membrane preparations.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine. | 1990 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2215852/ | https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00973749 | Access: Indexed primary abstract/metadata only; unextracted doses, figures and methods remain unknown.","model_system":"1990 coupled carnitine acetyltransferase/choline acetyltransferase systems and rat synaptosomal-membrane preparations.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}