{"id":"34e92034-6c91-578c-9327-d1338199f2a7","stable_key":"16c35a72-8162-5bb1-ae01-45331b8b42d0:moringa-peanut-oil-carotenoid-bioaccessibility","predicate":"increases","statement":"Adding 5% peanut oil to Moringa leaves during simulated digestion increased beta-carotene and lutein micellarization, particularly beta-carotene, before uptake by Caco-2 cells.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"23e328db-53dd-5729-a82a-57cecebe4a4c","mechanism_event_label":"Adding 5% peanut oil to Moringa leaves during simulated digestion increased beta-carotene and lutein micellarization, particularly beta-carotene, before uptake by Caco-2 cells.","subject":{"id":"5ae69a78-c111-5606-92dd-54d1e2ededfb","slug":"peanut-oil","display_name":"Peanut oil","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"7c492117-ef0c-5448-bc43-27eb339faf34","slug":"moringa-leaf-carotenoid-micellarization","display_name":"Beta-carotene and lutein micellarization from Moringa leaves","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"23e328db-53dd-5729-a82a-57cecebe4a4c","stable_key":"16c35a72-8162-5bb1-ae01-45331b8b42d0:moringa-peanut-oil-carotenoid-bioaccessibility-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Adding 5% peanut oil to Moringa leaves during simulated digestion increased beta-carotene and lutein micellarization, particularly beta-carotene, before uptake by Caco-2 cells.","description":"Adding 5% peanut oil to Moringa leaves during simulated digestion increased beta-carotene and lutein micellarization, particularly beta-carotene, before uptake by Caco-2 cells.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ae69a78-c111-5606-92dd-54d1e2ededfb","slug":"peanut-oil","display_name":"Peanut oil","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7c492117-ef0c-5448-bc43-27eb339faf34","slug":"moringa-leaf-carotenoid-micellarization","display_name":"Beta-carotene and lutein micellarization from Moringa leaves","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"73c24cd4-9ae8-5897-8359-fa4d9e8edecb","slug":"beta-carotene","display_name":"All-trans-beta-carotene","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5dd84367-3f8e-5a3f-b952-a96174ea51fa","slug":"lutein","display_name":"Lutein","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4ffd02ea-69ae-5105-8ae4-950e6aa70cc7","slug":"moringa","display_name":"Moringa oleifera","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Fresh or lyophilized leaves with 5% peanut oil","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Digestion and uptake time course","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Simulated digestion coupled to human Caco-2 cells","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"This food-matrix result supports a fat effect on bioaccessibility but does not quantify human vitamin A status.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Moringa oleifera chapter; interacting nutrients, drugs, peptides and proteins retain their experimental settings.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"moringa","display_name":"Moringa oleifera","entity_type_key":"botanical"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Simulated digestion coupled to human Caco-2 cells","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Adding 5% peanut oil to Moringa leaves during simulated digestion increased beta-carotene and lutein micellarization, particularly beta-carotene, before uptake by Caco-2 cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of beta-carotene and lutein from drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17651060/ DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.250","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro digestion","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Carotenoid micellarization and cell accumulation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"edc19f37-5b9a-520e-9b43-23b1990e8c5a","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 222-231","start_line":222,"end_line":231,"excerpt":"## moringa-peanut-oil-carotenoid-bioaccessibility\nAdding 5% peanut oil to Moringa leaves during simulated digestion increased beta-carotene and lutein micellarization, particularly beta-carotene, before uptake by Caco-2 cells.\nModel/species: Simulated digestion coupled to human Caco-2 cells\nTissue/system: Carotenoid micellarization and cell accumulation\nExposure: Fresh or lyophilized leaves with 5% peanut oil\nRoute: In vitro digestion\nDuration: Digestion and uptake time course\nLimits: This food-matrix result supports a fat effect on bioaccessibility but does not quantify human vitamin A status.\nPrimary reference: Micellarization and intestinal cell uptake of beta-carotene and lutein from drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves. (2007). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17651060/ DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.250\nAccess: Primary PubMed abstract and indexed metadata reviewed. Full-text method details not stated here remain unresolved.","model_system":"Simulated digestion coupled to human Caco-2 cells","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span with primary citation; not a publisher quotation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2752e9b3-e4b9-55fe-be07-944204cca4b8","stable_key":"import-16c35a72-8162-5bb1-ae01-45331b8b42d0","title":"Moringa oleifera: mechanism of action and interactions (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted source-specific curation with primary-study citations, model, exposure, route, duration, negative findings and limitations preserved. 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