{"id":"32589190-01f9-5716-93d4-dee301f34c7d","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-rat-irs1-phosphorylation","predicate":"enhances_insulin_stimulated_phosphorylation_of","statement":"In obese insulin-resistant rats, chromium picolinate increased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 phosphorylation without increasing IRS protein abundance.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"f8954fbe-d5c1-526a-9cf6-addf37254919","mechanism_event_label":"The signaling protein responded more strongly without more of it being present.","subject":{"id":"89d5d39c-2663-5e0c-8eae-562a5b25a47d","slug":"chromium-iii-picolinate","display_name":"Chromium(III) picolinate / CrPic","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"556dfa3a-c8c9-5e09-bd4f-2adfad390ac0","slug":"rat-irs1","display_name":"Rat insulin receptor substrate 1 / Irs1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"f8954fbe-d5c1-526a-9cf6-addf37254919","stable_key":"4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555:chromium-rat-irs1-phosphorylation-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"The signaling protein responded more strongly without more of it being present.","description":"In obese insulin-resistant rats, chromium picolinate increased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 phosphorylation without increasing IRS protein abundance.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"89d5d39c-2663-5e0c-8eae-562a5b25a47d","slug":"chromium-iii-picolinate","display_name":"Chromium(III) picolinate / CrPic","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"556dfa3a-c8c9-5e09-bd4f-2adfad390ac0","slug":"rat-irs1","display_name":"Rat insulin receptor substrate 1 / Irs1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/16424121.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b0fa1d0917ec9cf4f3d309f2e9eb0e2b498e083ed1ff881b8f8df94a3cbe8119\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1734, \"text_sha256\": \"b0fa1d0917ec9cf4f3d309f2e9eb0e2b498e083ed1ff881b8f8df94a3cbe8119\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Three-month supplementation and acute muscle insulin-signaling experiment","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Chromium picolinate supplying approximately 80 µg Cr/kg/day; small obese and lean treatment groups","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Model-specific supplementation. Lower phosphatase protein and activity do not prove direct chromium binding to PTP1B. Different results from cultured adipocytes are contextual, not a reason to erase either study.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Male JCR:LA-cp obese and lean rats","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The signaling protein responded more strongly without more of it being present.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p16424121] Chromium picolinate enhances skeletal muscle cellular insulin signaling in vivo in obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16424121/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.2.415","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Vastus lateralis skeletal muscle","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"71b07758-48fd-5862-b48c-aec9eecb5d36","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 419-430","start_line":419,"end_line":430,"excerpt":"### chromium-rat-irs1-phosphorylation\nIn obese insulin-resistant rats, chromium picolinate increased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 phosphorylation without increasing IRS protein abundance.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The signaling protein responded more strongly without more of it being present.\norganism: Male JCR:LA-cp obese and lean rats\ntissue_or_cell_type: Vastus lateralis skeletal muscle\nexperimental_model: Three-month supplementation and acute muscle insulin-signaling experiment\nlimitations: Model-specific supplementation. Lower phosphatase protein and activity do not prove direct chromium binding to PTP1B. Different results from cultured adipocytes are contextual, not a reason to erase either study.\nexposure: Chromium picolinate supplying approximately 80 µg Cr/kg/day; small obese and lean treatment groups\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/16424121.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b0fa1d0917ec9cf4f3d309f2e9eb0e2b498e083ed1ff881b8f8df94a3cbe8119\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1734, \"text_sha256\": \"b0fa1d0917ec9cf4f3d309f2e9eb0e2b498e083ed1ff881b8f8df94a3cbe8119\"}\n[chromium-p16424121] Chromium picolinate enhances skeletal muscle cellular insulin signaling in vivo in obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16424121/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.2.415","model_system":"Three-month supplementation and acute muscle insulin-signaling experiment","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [chromium-p16424121] Chromium picolinate enhances skeletal muscle cellular insulin signaling in vivo in obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats. (2006). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16424121/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.2.415","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"fa96342a-ca01-5425-98d9-d50e29bf0abd","stable_key":"import-4d8e4781-3878-5818-8d0a-7dbd6e024555","title":"Chromium: transport, insulin signaling, nutrient interactions and essentiality debate (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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