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(2013). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23614584/ DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1109400","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Healthy challenge participants; 4007 angiography patients in the outcome cohort","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d7e55c6a-8251-5d30-a2e2-d19bb64d0aae","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1140-1151","start_line":1140,"end_line":1151,"excerpt":"### choline-pc-tmao-tracing\nThe challenge produced time-dependent increases in TMAO and its d9-labeled isotopologue.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Choline research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: A label on dietary PC appeared in the downstream microbial-host product.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Healthy challenge participants; 4007 angiography patients in the outcome cohort\nexperimental_model: Human isotope challenge with antibiotics plus a separate observational cohort\nlimitations: The challenge establishes microbiota involvement; the outcome cohort establishes association, not that avoiding choline or eggs prevents events.\nexposure: Two eggs plus d9-PC before/after antibiotics; three-year event follow-up\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/choline-research/23614584.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"9de33f54f0fce1c470cc96c18163574d26fc5c56802e60771c75fdacc5804e0a\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2119, \"text_sha256\": \"9de33f54f0fce1c470cc96c18163574d26fc5c56802e60771c75fdacc5804e0a\"}\n[choline-p23614584] Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. 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