{"id":"2f095245-2f0c-5eae-827b-e689388d98ab","stable_key":"a8baf7e9-80e4-5d8c-adec-9a63e84d2f21:l-cysteine-renal-cystine-exchange","predicate":"forms_cystine_exchanger_with","statement":"Human SLC7A9 and SLC3A1 form the b0,+AT–rBAT obligatory exchanger for cystine/cationic amino-acid influx coupled to neutral amino-acid efflux.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"a88e561b-62a0-5e34-bbdb-d92fad8d4d01","mechanism_event_label":"The kidney and intestine use a two-protein exchange system to handle cystine.","subject":{"id":"04b64edc-e647-5990-8cfd-2b97800b8b45","slug":"slc7a9","display_name":"b0,+AT / SLC7A9","entity_type_key":"protein"},"object":{"id":"8607e7c9-d976-5f4a-b05d-adb3d3afce1f","slug":"slc3a1","display_name":"rBAT / SLC3A1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"a88e561b-62a0-5e34-bbdb-d92fad8d4d01","stable_key":"a8baf7e9-80e4-5d8c-adec-9a63e84d2f21:l-cysteine-renal-cystine-exchange-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The kidney and intestine use a two-protein exchange system to handle cystine.","description":"Human SLC7A9 and SLC3A1 form the b0,+AT–rBAT obligatory exchanger for cystine/cationic amino-acid influx coupled to neutral amino-acid efflux.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"04b64edc-e647-5990-8cfd-2b97800b8b45","slug":"slc7a9","display_name":"b0,+AT / SLC7A9","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"8607e7c9-d976-5f4a-b05d-adb3d3afce1f","slug":"slc3a1","display_name":"rBAT / SLC3A1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ca899f13-50ad-55e5-ab99-329ae0038c74","slug":"l-cysteine","display_name":"L-Cysteine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"cdd84f4d-3e8f-502a-a8c5-19672cc5346f","slug":"cystine","display_name":"Cystine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"eeca3c9e-7749-5677-b7bd-37fe8f7c228d","slug":"arginine","display_name":"L-Arginine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5fff6664-209e-5c35-b88e-ac15c1c5fbc0","slug":"l-lysine","display_name":"L-Lysine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human transporter cryo-EM and functional study; structural ligand was arginine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Do not describe the arginine-bound structure as a captured cystine-bound state or infer dietary competition from binding alone.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Cysteine collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-cysteine","display_name":"L-Cysteine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The kidney and intestine use a two-protein exchange system to handle cystine.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Cryo-EM structure of the human heteromeric amino acid transporter b0,+AT-rBAT. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32494597/ · DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aay6379","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"9e7afeec-70e3-5168-814a-2cab814f714c","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 20-26","start_line":20,"end_line":26,"excerpt":"## l-cysteine-renal-cystine-exchange\nThe kidney and intestine use a two-protein exchange system to handle cystine.\nHuman SLC7A9 and SLC3A1 form the b0,+AT–rBAT obligatory exchanger for cystine/cationic amino-acid influx coupled to neutral amino-acid efflux.\nModel: Human transporter cryo-EM and functional study; structural ligand was arginine.\nLimitations: Do not describe the arginine-bound structure as a captured cystine-bound state or infer dietary competition from binding alone.\nEvidence access: Primary full text\nCryo-EM structure of the human heteromeric amino acid transporter b0,+AT-rBAT. · 2020 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32494597/ · DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aay6379","model_system":"Human transporter cryo-EM and functional study; structural ligand was arginine.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"654560f6-8d7f-596b-8722-48d94053cfe3","stable_key":"import-a8baf7e9-80e4-5d8c-adec-9a63e84d2f21","title":"L-Cysteine: sulfur allocation, redox supply and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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