{"id":"2eeb2fb3-5240-5145-92e1-055fa7085af9","stable_key":"788beb7b-7928-5f89-83d4-5556abf3702c:fulvic-acid-copper-retention","predicate":"increases","statement":"Fulvic exposure increased intestinal mucosal copper retention at six hours without markedly changing lumen-to-mucosa uptake.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"7bbd1d9d-f6d1-5723-91a3-83dd402b2559","mechanism_event_label":"Copper stayed in the intestinal lining longer.","subject":{"id":"1f386e62-7d26-5574-873f-6a8aa24301d1","slug":"drinking-water-fulvic-1999","display_name":"Drinking-water fulvic mixture, 1999 copper study","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"72ab6500-beeb-5e07-92c5-0ff478b63faa","slug":"rat-fulvic-intestinal-copper-retention","display_name":"Rat intestinal copper retention after fulvic-mixture exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"7bbd1d9d-f6d1-5723-91a3-83dd402b2559","stable_key":"788beb7b-7928-5f89-83d4-5556abf3702c:fulvic-acid-copper-retention-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Copper stayed in the intestinal lining longer.","description":"Fulvic exposure increased intestinal mucosal copper retention at six hours without markedly changing lumen-to-mucosa uptake.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"1f386e62-7d26-5574-873f-6a8aa24301d1","slug":"drinking-water-fulvic-1999","display_name":"Drinking-water fulvic mixture, 1999 copper study","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"72ab6500-beeb-5e07-92c5-0ff478b63faa","slug":"rat-fulvic-intestinal-copper-retention","display_name":"Rat intestinal copper retention after fulvic-mixture exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"0aa6c0fc-8374-56e0-b172-6c40b6366d21","slug":"fulvic-acid","display_name":"Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9f0afdde-1ec1-5c8a-bb5e-f3b2b75f67f6","slug":"copper","display_name":"Copper","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2a870bb5-05a0-5e51-a70c-a9a843a8b571","slug":"copper-ii","display_name":"Copper(II) ion","entity_type_key":"ion"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Suckling-rat tracer study; water and formula matrices.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The abstract switches to Cd when describing circulatory absorption. That sentence is not silently treated as a verified copper result; no infant recommendation follows.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Fulvic acid collection; species, compartment, exposure, co-substrates and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"fulvic-acid","display_name":"Fulvic acid (heterogeneous humic fraction)","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Copper stayed in the intestinal lining longer.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Intestinal absorption of copper from drinking water containing fulvic acids and an infant formula mixture studied in a suckling rat model. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10406087/ · DOI 10.1023/a:1009233802104","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"10c4d6bb-383c-5ceb-b214-ae509b9fc8fe","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 84-90","start_line":84,"end_line":90,"excerpt":"## fulvic-acid-copper-retention\nCopper stayed in the intestinal lining longer.\nFulvic exposure increased intestinal mucosal copper retention at six hours without markedly changing lumen-to-mucosa uptake.\nModel: Suckling-rat tracer study; water and formula matrices.\nLimitations: The abstract switches to Cd when describing circulatory absorption. That sentence is not silently treated as a verified copper result; no infant recommendation follows.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nIntestinal absorption of copper from drinking water containing fulvic acids and an infant formula mixture studied in a suckling rat model. · 1999 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10406087/ · DOI 10.1023/a:1009233802104","model_system":"Suckling-rat tracer study; water and formula matrices.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b00a1818-46e4-52cc-8dfe-a647d5c08ed7","stable_key":"import-788beb7b-7928-5f89-83d4-5556abf3702c","title":"Fulvic acid: mixture identity, mineral chemistry, signaling and cross-nutrient mechanisms (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary references, access levels and experimental limitations individually identified. 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