{"id":"2e156c9d-f371-5207-ba2b-43e3da1deced","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:acute-blueberry-fmd","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Blueberry polyphenol intake increased FMD at 1-2 and 6 hours in the acute healthy-men crossover study.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"ec30968e-2ea3-5fd6-bb32-de1da7072b69","mechanism_event_label":"Blueberry polyphenol intake increased FMD at 1-2 and 6 hours in the acute healthy-men crossover study.","subject":{"id":"8f12b9ac-46fe-5bef-bd17-cca7f22f1668","slug":"blueberry-polyphenol-drink","display_name":"Blueberry polyphenol drink in acute vascular studies","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"object":{"id":"a557fb69-ee27-5be9-8318-227c570267ff","slug":"flow-mediated-dilation","display_name":"Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"ec30968e-2ea3-5fd6-bb32-de1da7072b69","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:acute-blueberry-fmd-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Blueberry polyphenol intake increased FMD at 1-2 and 6 hours in the acute healthy-men crossover study.","description":"**Blueberry FMD timing tracks a changing exposure.** Acute crossover experiments in healthy men found FMD increases at 1–2 and six hours, associated with circulating phenolics and lower neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activity. A plateau occurred above roughly 766 mg of total blueberry polyphenols in that protocol. This was neither 766 mg purified anthocyanins nor a universal optimum. Neutrophil measurements cannot be relabeled direct endothelial NOX inhibition. [Rodriguez-Mateos et al., 2013](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24004888/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"8f12b9ac-46fe-5bef-bd17-cca7f22f1668","slug":"blueberry-polyphenol-drink","display_name":"Blueberry polyphenol drink in acute vascular studies","entity_type_key":"botanical"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Blueberry polyphenol drink","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a557fb69-ee27-5be9-8318-227c570267ff","slug":"flow-mediated-dilation","display_name":"Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Blueberry polyphenol drink\", \"comparator\": \"Macronutrient- and micronutrient-matched control drink\", \"endpoint\": \"Blueberry polyphenol intake increased FMD at 1-2 and 6 hours in the acute healthy-men crossover study.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"21 healthy men across acute time/intake studies; total-polyphenol plateau near 766 mg.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Dose is total polyphenols, not purified anthocyanins; no universal optimum or cardiovascular-event endpoint.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Blueberry polyphenol intake increased FMD at 1-2 and 6 hours in the acute healthy-men crossover study.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Intake and time dependence of blueberry flavonoid-induced improvements in vascular function: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention study with mechanistic insights into biological activity. | 2013 | DOI 10.3945/ajcn.113.066639 | PMID 24004888 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24004888/ | https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.066639","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 54-54; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"d1ef7f59-00ef-529f-999f-ad32cfacdf9b","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 54-54","start_line":54,"end_line":54,"excerpt":"**Blueberry FMD timing tracks a changing exposure.** Acute crossover experiments in healthy men found FMD increases at 1–2 and six hours, associated with circulating phenolics and lower neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activity. A plateau occurred above roughly 766 mg of total blueberry polyphenols in that protocol. This was neither 766 mg purified anthocyanins nor a universal optimum. Neutrophil measurements cannot be relabeled direct endothelial NOX inhibition. [Rodriguez-Mateos et al., 2013](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24004888/).","model_system":"21 healthy men across acute time/intake studies; total-polyphenol plateau near 766 mg.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b08e7f7d-4d34-56d7-a185-2124f8d72b3c","stable_key":"import-35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769","title":"Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"7cff1a47fbd9c625412b84162b1c823004b4162b7c009f9a11d5807fb8e04ef9","revision_id":"1bd4fa42-bfeb-5148-8250-fc363d8c1de0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}