{"id":"2ce8f76c-541d-5954-a6aa-82b5d443d3e6","stable_key":"c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87:fast-bdh-choline","predicate":"required_for_activity","statement":"Human-heart mitochondrial BDH1 was described as specifically requiring phosphatidylcholine for enzymic activity.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"127ad31d-f30e-5c65-b45d-5c222e3c88c8","mechanism_event_label":"A membrane lipid linked to choline supports a ketone enzyme.","subject":{"id":"2f77ef6d-3ecd-5a80-9ca3-3cbea403d9fc","slug":"phosphatidylcholine","display_name":"Phosphatidylcholine","entity_type_key":"lipid"},"object":{"id":"6dff3d80-4bfc-5fc8-b0ab-d2ff426d8df2","slug":"bdh1","display_name":"Human mitochondrial D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase / BDH1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"127ad31d-f30e-5c65-b45d-5c222e3c88c8","stable_key":"c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87:fast-bdh-choline-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"A membrane lipid linked to choline supports a ketone enzyme.","description":"Human-heart mitochondrial BDH1 was described as specifically requiring phosphatidylcholine for enzymic activity.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"2f77ef6d-3ecd-5a80-9ca3-3cbea403d9fc","slug":"phosphatidylcholine","display_name":"Phosphatidylcholine","entity_type_key":"lipid"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6dff3d80-4bfc-5fc8-b0ab-d2ff426d8df2","slug":"bdh1","display_name":"Human mitochondrial D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase / BDH1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"59496369-eea6-5302-a0a3-2dcfa8f2b71a","slug":"d-beta-hydroxybutyrate","display_name":"D-(R)-beta-hydroxybutyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"1b77cb4a-1f79-50e2-b4f0-fd0953cb914e","slug":"acetoacetate","display_name":"Acetoacetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Primary human-heart enzyme cloning and characterization.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Does not establish that supplemental choline increases ketone use.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Fasting physiological-state collection; human protocols, cellular deprivation and refeeding are distinguished.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"fasting","display_name":"Fasting / abstention from energy intake","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A membrane lipid linked to choline supports a ketone enzyme.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Molecular cloning and characterization of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from human heart. · 1992 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1639787/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f56765f5-ea11-5c6d-9594-71144d41c758","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 136-142","start_line":136,"end_line":142,"excerpt":"## fast-bdh-choline\nA membrane lipid linked to choline supports a ketone enzyme.\nHuman-heart mitochondrial BDH1 was described as specifically requiring phosphatidylcholine for enzymic activity.\nModel: Primary human-heart enzyme cloning and characterization.\nLimitations: Does not establish that supplemental choline increases ketone use.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract\nMolecular cloning and characterization of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from human heart. · 1992 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1639787/","model_system":"Primary human-heart enzyme cloning and characterization.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"921d1eb5-2c88-52b9-9898-60b2b5bf6029","stable_key":"import-c9aa15a1-8ba2-5913-b2dd-372af304bf87","title":"Fasting: fuel switching, nutrient sensing, ketone signaling, nutrient dependencies and refeeding (2026-09-18)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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