{"id":"2c9ab6af-95e7-5862-8615-1168a91897c9","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:glp1-comparator-allyl-isothiocyanate","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"The tested TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate increased GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b416c8aa-4ee1-578b-9897-107823b6de19","mechanism_event_label":"The tested TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate increased GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures.","subject":{"id":"199725ce-3636-5da2-8cf6-ad271e0440ea","slug":"allyl-isothiocyanate","display_name":"Allyl isothiocyanate / AITC","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"524541e6-4f03-5f43-b02b-fe67675adfe7","slug":"mouse-intestinal-glp1-secretion","display_name":"GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b416c8aa-4ee1-578b-9897-107823b6de19","stable_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:glp1-comparator-allyl-isothiocyanate-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"The tested TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate increased GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures.","description":"**The GLP-1 experiment did not test allicin.** Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and carvacrol increased calcium signaling and GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures; antagonism or Trpa1 deletion limited those responses. Glucose-induced responses persisted during TRPA1 blockade. In vivo, oral AITC at 15 mg/kg raised GLP-1 even in Trpa1-null mice; lower doses did not significantly increase it. Capsaicin did not increase secretion in the tested cultures. These findings constrain a proposed allicin–TRPA1–GLP-1 connection, but they do not demonstrate it. AITC is not allicin. [Emery 2015](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4375100/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"199725ce-3636-5da2-8cf6-ad271e0440ea","slug":"allyl-isothiocyanate","display_name":"Allyl isothiocyanate / AITC","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"allyl-isothiocyanate","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"524541e6-4f03-5f43-b02b-fe67675adfe7","slug":"mouse-intestinal-glp1-secretion","display_name":"GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"05575212-6bc2-544a-8983-16b578525891","slug":"mouse-trpa1","display_name":"Mouse Trpa1 ion channel","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"tested signaling requirement","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text available; selected claim-relevant methods, results, tables/figures and limitations reviewed. Supplemental proteome and all secondary findings are not exhaustively extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"allyl-isothiocyanate\", \"comparator\": \"Matched culture vehicle\", \"endpoint\": \"The tested TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate increased GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mouse intestinal cultures; 100 uM AITC or 50 uM carvacrol; two-hour secretion assay.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"This experiment did not test allicin. Shared receptor identity is a research connection, not transferred efficacy.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The tested TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate increased GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Stimulation of GLP-1 secretion downstream of the ligand-gated ion channel TRPA1. | 2015 | DOI 10.2337/db14-0737 | PMID 25325736 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25325736/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4375100/ | https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0737","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 75-75; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"20f601b4-3cff-5dea-81b5-0863130db9c4","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 75-75","start_line":75,"end_line":75,"excerpt":"**The GLP-1 experiment did not test allicin.** Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and carvacrol increased calcium signaling and GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures; antagonism or Trpa1 deletion limited those responses. Glucose-induced responses persisted during TRPA1 blockade. In vivo, oral AITC at 15 mg/kg raised GLP-1 even in Trpa1-null mice; lower doses did not significantly increase it. Capsaicin did not increase secretion in the tested cultures. These findings constrain a proposed allicin–TRPA1–GLP-1 connection, but they do not demonstrate it. AITC is not allicin. [Emery 2015](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4375100/)","model_system":"Mouse intestinal cultures; 100 uM AITC or 50 uM carvacrol; two-hour secretion assay.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"10820a6b-594a-547d-97f9-906ab4cc1d6e","stable_key":"import-c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8","title":"Allicin: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"2475d3eb681100a0a34577a47b7cba5b251df866fbd6ce795122ccabee360018","revision_id":"590df96d-2ed1-5763-b04c-bf0e096e603c","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[{"id":"70bd9e4b-c812-53c6-8aa8-0ce51e0d96f8","relation_type":"limits_translation_of","notes":"In vivo AITC response persisted without Trpa1; neither experiment tests allicin.","source_claim_id":"f1fa756f-9f1a-5b79-8786-13234b8553c3","source_claim_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:aitc-knockout-invivo","source_statement":"Oral AITC raised GLP-1 in both wild-type and Trpa1-null mice; the response was not reduced by Trpa1 loss.","target_claim_id":"2c9ab6af-95e7-5862-8615-1168a91897c9","target_claim_key":"c836a883-ac18-5eb2-9971-2f0b542feba8:glp1-comparator-allyl-isothiocyanate","target_statement":"The tested TRPA1 agonist allyl-isothiocyanate increased GLP-1 secretion in mouse intestinal cultures."}],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}