{"id":"29f6492d-5e81-5003-990c-c0d1935e701b","stable_key":"e0ea2d6a-7429-5e9f-b774-41e5e3288da3:e-sig-gamma-macrophage-pge2","predicate":"reduces-production-of","statement":"Gamma-tocopherol reduced LPS-stimulated PGE2 in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages with an apparent IC50 of 7.5 µM. 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(2000). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11005841/ DOI: 10.1073/pnas.200357097","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Macrophage cell line","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"68e68630-b709-5a68-b5a8-dd32995bba71","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 829-840","start_line":829,"end_line":840,"excerpt":"### e-sig-gamma-macrophage-pge2\nGamma-tocopherol reduced LPS-stimulated PGE2 in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages with an apparent IC50 of 7.5 µM. COX-2 protein expression was not reduced in the tested 10 and 40 µM groups.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Vitamin E research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Gamma-tocopherol lowered this inflammatory lipid signal in cultured mouse immune cells without reducing the measured amount of COX-2 protein.\norganism: Mus musculus\ntissue_or_cell_type: Macrophage cell line\nexperimental_model: Stimulated RAW264.7 culture; PGE2 assay and immunoblot\nlimitations: A cellular product endpoint does not establish direct parent-vitamin binding to COX-2, exclude metabolism, or predict human supplement benefit.\nexposure: 8–14 h tocopherol pretreatment in 0.5% FBS-DMEM, then 0.1 µg/mL LPS for 14 h.\ncross_nutrient: false\n[jiang2000] gamma-tocopherol and its major metabolite, in contrast to alpha-tocopherol, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages and epithelial cells. 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