{"id":"2599e38a-4c3a-5452-9b12-2c04cd5d3d16","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-vinegar-glycaemia","predicate":"reduces","statement":"The presence of acetic acid given as vinegar significantly reduced the postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a starchy meal, with a glycaemic index of 64 and an insulinaemic index of 65 against the white bread reference meal.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"e108ab05-001e-556c-88dc-15bdd4692220","mechanism_event_label":"Vinegar with a starchy meal cut both the glucose and the insulin rise by about a third.","subject":{"id":"236303ab-c590-5e01-bace-9f2cf05fa6fa","slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"a9f67f96-0440-5a54-91b7-1adfc968d2e5","slug":"postprandial-glucose-response","display_name":"Postprandial blood glucose response","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"e108ab05-001e-556c-88dc-15bdd4692220","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-vinegar-glycaemia-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"Vinegar with a starchy meal cut both the glucose and the insulin rise by about a third.","description":"The presence of acetic acid given as vinegar significantly reduced the postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a starchy meal, with a glycaemic index of 64 and an insulinaemic index of 65 against the white bread reference meal.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"1186c10e-1895-5104-9e64-23214afdd6e5","slug":"postprandial-insulin-response","display_name":"Postprandial insulin response","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"co_measured","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"886cd6fb-dfc5-5aa3-a6db-9cf36000fd50","slug":"white-bread-meal","display_name":"White wheat bread reference meal","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"reference_meal","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"236303ab-c590-5e01-bace-9f2cf05fa6fa","slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"a9f67f96-0440-5a54-91b7-1adfc968d2e5","slug":"postprandial-glucose-response","display_name":"Postprandial blood glucose response","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/9630389.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"03f693ed6a9ae1c12e1d9cdb83a2d6001d8b128458092ca61ae33033da8af780\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1289, \"text_sha256\": \"03f693ed6a9ae1c12e1d9cdb83a2d6001d8b128458092ca61ae33033da8af780\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomised crossover in ten healthy volunteers aged 22 to 51, with paracetamol as an emptying marker","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Vinegar added to a white bread reference meal matched for starch, protein and fat","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Paracetamol appearance is an indirect marker of emptying. The authors state the mechanism is probably delayed emptying, which the neutralised-vinegar study in this collection argues against.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Human","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Vinegar with a starchy meal cut both the glucose and the insulin rise by about a third.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[acetate-p9630389] Delayed gastric emptying rate may explain improved glycaemia in healthy subjects to a starchy meal with added vinegar. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9630389/ DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600572","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Whole body and stomach","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"f0b63b38-fe9b-5aa3-83d4-5a7d3444e9a7","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 108-119","start_line":108,"end_line":119,"excerpt":"### acetate-vinegar-glycaemia\nThe presence of acetic acid given as vinegar significantly reduced the postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a starchy meal, with a glycaemic index of 64 and an insulinaemic index of 65 against the white bread reference meal.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.\nplain_language: Vinegar with a starchy meal cut both the glucose and the insulin rise by about a third.\norganism: Human\ntissue_or_cell_type: Whole body and stomach\nexperimental_model: Randomised crossover in ten healthy volunteers aged 22 to 51, with paracetamol as an emptying marker\nlimitations: Paracetamol appearance is an indirect marker of emptying. The authors state the mechanism is probably delayed emptying, which the neutralised-vinegar study in this collection argues against.\nexposure: Vinegar added to a white bread reference meal matched for starch, protein and fat\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/9630389.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"03f693ed6a9ae1c12e1d9cdb83a2d6001d8b128458092ca61ae33033da8af780\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1289, \"text_sha256\": \"03f693ed6a9ae1c12e1d9cdb83a2d6001d8b128458092ca61ae33033da8af780\"}\n[acetate-p9630389] Delayed gastric emptying rate may explain improved glycaemia in healthy subjects to a starchy meal with added vinegar. (1998). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9630389/ DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600572","model_system":"Randomised crossover in ten healthy volunteers aged 22 to 51, with paracetamol as an emptying marker","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [acetate-p9630389] Delayed gastric emptying rate may explain improved glycaemia in healthy subjects to a starchy meal with added vinegar. 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