{"id":"24e19441-c3b9-5dd0-a066-94982187da7b","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:rat-crat-affinity","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"ALCAR improved reduced CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity in aged rat brain.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"3a51d415-43dd-5469-b3de-d69a326b5131","mechanism_event_label":"ALCAR improved reduced CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity in aged rat brain.","subject":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"ac6e6e15-43a2-51a1-a2f2-f6081aebe005","slug":"rat-aged-brain-crat-function","display_name":"Aged-rat brain CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"3a51d415-43dd-5469-b3de-d69a326b5131","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:rat-crat-affinity-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"ALCAR improved reduced CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity in aged rat brain.","description":"### rat-crat-affinity\n\nALCAR improved reduced CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity in aged rat brain.\nALCAR alone and ALCAR plus dietary R-lipoic acid improved kinetic measures. Oxidative aldehyde damage was studied separately; a dietary effect is not proof of human enzyme repair.\nModel and exposure: Fischer 344 males; 0.5% ALCAR in water for seven weeks; young/old comparisons.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate-binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L- carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. | 2002 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11854488/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC122287/ | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.261709098 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.\nReference: Correction | 2002 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC124428/ | Access: Full primary correction read: adds Juvenon financial-interest disclosures, not a changed biochemical result.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"ALCAR-fed old rats","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ac6e6e15-43a2-51a1-a2f2-f6081aebe005","slug":"rat-aged-brain-crat-function","display_name":"Aged-rat brain CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"60b09320-dced-520d-9d0c-18035aa08e8b","slug":"rat-crat","display_name":"Rat carnitine acetyltransferase / Crat","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"measured enzyme","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4faa6456-aff8-59eb-9e3f-3326a436e401","slug":"coenzyme-a","display_name":"Coenzyme A","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"assay cosubstrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.; Full primary correction read: adds Juvenon financial-interest disclosures, not a changed biochemical result.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"ALCAR-fed old rats\", \"comparator\": \"Unsupplemented old rats\", \"endpoint\": \"ALCAR improved reduced CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity in aged rat brain.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Fischer 344 males; 0.5% ALCAR in water for seven weeks; young/old comparisons.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"ALCAR improved reduced CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity in aged rat brain.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate-binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L- carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11854488/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC122287/ | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.261709098","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Correction | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC124428/","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference rat-crat-affinity; ALCAR alone and ALCAR plus dietary R-lipoic acid improved kinetic measures. Oxidative aldehyde damage was studied separately; a dietary effect is not proof of human enzyme repair.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"4bc79fdc-5a95-5204-a017-222c8af160a9","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 444-451","start_line":444,"end_line":451,"excerpt":"### rat-crat-affinity\n\nALCAR improved reduced CrAT activity and apparent substrate affinity in aged rat brain.\nALCAR alone and ALCAR plus dietary R-lipoic acid improved kinetic measures. Oxidative aldehyde damage was studied separately; a dietary effect is not proof of human enzyme repair.\nModel and exposure: Fischer 344 males; 0.5% ALCAR in water for seven weeks; young/old comparisons.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate-binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L- carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. | 2002 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11854488/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC122287/ | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.261709098 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.\nReference: Correction | 2002 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC124428/ | Access: Full primary correction read: adds Juvenon financial-interest disclosures, not a changed biochemical result.","model_system":"Fischer 344 males; 0.5% ALCAR in water for seven weeks; young/old comparisons.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}