{"id":"1fd89918-16ee-530f-9967-c382ab668586","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-caco2-nos2","predicate":"reduces_expression","statement":"Indicaxanthin reduced induced nitric oxide synthase expression in IL-1beta-exposed Caco-2 cells.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"4a6856a6-9dc0-5aea-a62f-d848211f6c1e","mechanism_event_label":"Indicaxanthin reduced induced nitric oxide synthase expression in IL-1beta-exposed Caco-2 cells.","subject":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"01eede7f-e9e5-556b-b4ec-2ff36d5cca83","slug":"nos2","display_name":"Human inducible nitric oxide synthase / iNOS / NOS2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"4a6856a6-9dc0-5aea-a62f-d848211f6c1e","stable_key":"cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c:betalains-caco2-nos2-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Indicaxanthin reduced induced nitric oxide synthase expression in IL-1beta-exposed Caco-2 cells.","description":"Indicaxanthin reduced induced nitric oxide synthase expression in IL-1beta-exposed Caco-2 cells.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"01eede7f-e9e5-556b-b4ec-2ff36d5cca83","slug":"nos2","display_name":"Human inducible nitric oxide synthase / iNOS / NOS2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e9fa1ab4-707e-5ff9-9d60-11f503b54c58","slug":"il1b","display_name":"Interleukin-1 beta / IL1B","entity_type_key":"cytokine"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Indicaxanthin 5-25 micromolar with IL-1beta 25 ng/mL","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"24 h for mediator release and permeability; earlier signaling assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract; detailed exposure for PMID 23931157 additionally checked in publisher results. No uninspected full text is claimed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-derived curation, not universally established human effects","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Differentiated human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"No clinical IBD treatment effect or molecular binding site was established. Total thiols must not be relabeled as a specific glutathione measurement.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Betalains collection; each molecular form, species, exposure and preparation remains explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"betalains","display_name":"Betalains","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Differentiated human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Indicaxanthin reduced induced nitric oxide synthase expression in IL-1beta-exposed Caco-2 cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Indicaxanthin inhibits NADPH oxidase (NOX)-1 activation and NF-κB-dependent release of inflammatory mediators and prevents the increase of epithelial permeability in IL-1β-exposed Caco-2 cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23931157/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002663","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro co-incubation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Intestinal epithelial model","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"07ed1032-1d15-5dd9-aaa2-59d66d05b6bf","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 287-295","start_line":287,"end_line":295,"excerpt":"## betalains-caco2-nos2\nIndicaxanthin reduced induced nitric oxide synthase expression in IL-1beta-exposed Caco-2 cells.\nModel/species: Differentiated human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers\nTissue: Intestinal epithelial model\nExposure: Indicaxanthin 5-25 micromolar with IL-1beta 25 ng/mL\nRoute: In vitro co-incubation\nDuration: 24 h for mediator release and permeability; earlier signaling assays\nLimits: No clinical IBD treatment effect or molecular binding site was established. Total thiols must not be relabeled as a specific glutathione measurement.\nPrimary reference: Indicaxanthin inhibits NADPH oxidase (NOX)-1 activation and NF-κB-dependent release of inflammatory mediators and prevents the increase of epithelial permeability in IL-1β-exposed Caco-2 cells. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23931157/ DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002663","model_system":"Differentiated human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; an original paraphrase with an individually identified primary reference.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"be94d093-444c-5729-8831-bc33b0ef2fd7","stable_key":"import-cab605fe-8a82-5191-9966-d19a9628c24c","title":"Betalains: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twelve primary research papers; study-specific PubMed/DOI links and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"adb4fb8586481a69da5d2fe5cf62ad1dae2509af524352673fc7427123eeda87","revision_id":"a328b3f9-66d2-59e2-bd8f-de651c3c7649","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}