{"id":"1c3eb1af-483f-5e76-aea9-7269a5aa9043","stable_key":"182336c6-ed36-5ec6-8a09-25c31096262e:dim-aflatoxin-explanation","predicate":"induction_may_contribute_to","statement":"The authors linked the DIM-associated adduct increase to CYP1A2 induction and/or GSTM1 downregulation.","claim_class":"hypothesis_link","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"25fce60b-9746-597b-8c99-15ae6ce92f85","mechanism_event_label":"Competing activation and conjugation routes may explain the net effect.","subject":{"id":"9b15c13c-a369-5d10-a76a-525e8b19221d","slug":"cyp1a2","display_name":"Human cytochrome P450 1A2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"object":{"id":"54a28206-12ce-557a-8929-5bdcf17daa37","slug":"aflatoxin-dna-adducts","display_name":"Aflatoxin B1-derived DNA adduct formation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"25fce60b-9746-597b-8c99-15ae6ce92f85","stable_key":"182336c6-ed36-5ec6-8a09-25c31096262e:dim-aflatoxin-explanation-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Competing activation and conjugation routes may explain the net effect.","description":"The authors linked the DIM-associated adduct increase to CYP1A2 induction and/or GSTM1 downregulation.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"b6266d89-a23f-5a9f-92e4-67bec1f74236","slug":"gstm1","display_name":"Human glutathione S-transferase M1","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"potential_reduced_defense","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6009bdd4-f1b5-5867-b5c3-cdf7c9645cd0","slug":"dim","display_name":"3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"exposure","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9b15c13c-a369-5d10-a76a-525e8b19221d","slug":"cyp1a2","display_name":"Human cytochrome P450 1A2","entity_type_key":"protein"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"54a28206-12ce-557a-8929-5bdcf17daa37","slug":"aflatoxin-dna-adducts","display_name":"Aflatoxin B1-derived DNA adduct formation","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/dim-research/19770484.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b5956f74860b0cd89114dab4179908bae1a59aab65220ac0421f4c5365bed6ba\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1446, \"text_sha256\": \"b5956f74860b0cd89114dab4179908bae1a59aab65220ac0421f4c5365bed6ba\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Pretreatment versus cotreatment, adduct and recombinant-enzyme assays","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"DIM pretreatment for 48 hours; direct catalytic assays separately","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Induction over time and direct inhibition are distinct mechanisms. Aflatoxin assay effects do not establish human cancer incidence or net disposition of unrelated drugs.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"dim","display_name":"3,3'-Diindolylmethane / DIM","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Primary human hepatocytes and human enzyme preparations","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Competing activation and conjugation routes may explain the net effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[dim-p19770484] Modulation of aflatoxin B1-mediated genotoxicity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes by diindolylmethane, curcumin, and xanthohumols. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19770484/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp206","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Aflatoxin metabolism and CYP catalytic activity","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"2486e922-285a-5462-997c-820730492674","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 480-491","start_line":480,"end_line":491,"excerpt":"### dim-aflatoxin-explanation\nThe authors linked the DIM-associated adduct increase to CYP1A2 induction and/or GSTM1 downregulation.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Diindolylmethane (DIM) research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Competing activation and conjugation routes may explain the net effect.\norganism: Primary human hepatocytes and human enzyme preparations\ntissue_or_cell_type: Aflatoxin metabolism and CYP catalytic activity\nexperimental_model: Pretreatment versus cotreatment, adduct and recombinant-enzyme assays\nlimitations: Induction over time and direct inhibition are distinct mechanisms. Aflatoxin assay effects do not establish human cancer incidence or net disposition of unrelated drugs.\nexposure: DIM pretreatment for 48 hours; direct catalytic assays separately\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/dim-research/19770484.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b5956f74860b0cd89114dab4179908bae1a59aab65220ac0421f4c5365bed6ba\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1446, \"text_sha256\": \"b5956f74860b0cd89114dab4179908bae1a59aab65220ac0421f4c5365bed6ba\"}\n[dim-p19770484] Modulation of aflatoxin B1-mediated genotoxicity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes by diindolylmethane, curcumin, and xanthohumols. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19770484/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp206","model_system":"Pretreatment versus cotreatment, adduct and recombinant-enzyme assays","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [dim-p19770484] Modulation of aflatoxin B1-mediated genotoxicity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes by diindolylmethane, curcumin, and xanthohumols. (2009). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19770484/ DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp206","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b6d70682-97f9-5893-a03c-f9f88836033c","stable_key":"import-182336c6-ed36-5ec6-8a09-25c31096262e","title":"Diindolylmethane (DIM): formation, receptor signaling, metabolism and drug interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. 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