{"id":"1401c254-65fa-56fa-861a-6e9b70041af2","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:barrier-peonidin-3-glucoside","predicate":"no_detected_change_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"peonidin-3-glucoside did not show the same protection against TNF-induced barrier permeability in the tested concentration range.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"fcf88373-a4f7-5df9-8d5f-7eb00ea5a8e9","mechanism_event_label":"peonidin-3-glucoside did not show the same protection against TNF-induced barrier permeability in the tested concentration range.","subject":{"id":"3ba9272a-c906-5234-92d2-d3c682103ac5","slug":"peonidin-3-glucoside","display_name":"Peonidin 3-O-glucoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"69252fd9-831a-50b1-8274-a2012eedefeb","slug":"human-caco2-barrier-permeability","display_name":"Human Caco-2 paracellular permeability and electrical resistance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"fcf88373-a4f7-5df9-8d5f-7eb00ea5a8e9","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:barrier-peonidin-3-glucoside-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"peonidin-3-glucoside did not show the same protection against TNF-induced barrier permeability in the tested concentration range.","description":"**Barrier protection is compound-selective.** In TNF-challenged human Caco-2 monolayers, cyanidin and delphinidin O-glucosides at 0.25–1 µM limited the fall in electrical resistance and rise in FITC-dextran permeability. Tested malvidin, peonidin and petunidin glucosides did not provide the same protection. NF-κB activation and downstream myosin-light-chain phosphorylation were reduced by the active compounds. This experiment measured functional permeability, not just more ZO-1 or occludin. It does not establish a clinical treatment for intestinal disease or a universal anthocyanin effect. [Cremonini et al., 2017](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/fo/c7fo00625j).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"3ba9272a-c906-5234-92d2-d3c682103ac5","slug":"peonidin-3-glucoside","display_name":"Peonidin 3-O-glucoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"peonidin-3-glucoside plus TNF","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"69252fd9-831a-50b1-8274-a2012eedefeb","slug":"human-caco2-barrier-permeability","display_name":"Human Caco-2 paracellular permeability and electrical resistance","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"no_detected_change","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"600d5b09-e092-5146-af1e-2510cf17bac6","slug":"tnf","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor","entity_type_key":"cytokine"},"role":"joint challenge","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Full text retrieved; relevant methods/results/figure text reviewed. No independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"present","comparator":"TNF without test glucoside","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"peonidin-3-glucoside","display_name":"Peonidin 3-O-glucoside","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"experimental_condition","value_text":"present","comparator":"TNF without test glucoside","unit":null,"notes":"Condition belongs to the full experimental contrast; do not separate a joint intervention.","entity":{"slug":"tnf","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor","entity_type_key":"cytokine"}},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"peonidin-3-glucoside plus TNF\", \"comparator\": \"TNF without test glucoside\", \"endpoint\": \"peonidin-3-glucoside did not show the same protection against TNF-induced barrier permeability in the tested concentration range.\", \"effect_direction\": \"no_detected_change\", \"combination\": \"joint\", \"conditions\": [{\"entity_slug\": \"peonidin-3-glucoside\", \"state\": \"present\"}, {\"entity_slug\": \"tnf\", \"state\": \"present\"}]}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Differentiated human Caco-2, 0.25-1 uM O-glucoside, TNF challenge; functional TEER and FITC-dextran readouts.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Not generic class activity or clinical gut-disease treatment. Electrical resistance and tracer flux have opposite directions; claim direction describes permeability.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"peonidin-3-glucoside did not show the same protection against TNF-induced barrier permeability in the tested concentration range.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Anthocyanins inhibit tumor necrosis alpha-induced loss of Caco-2 cell barrier integrity. | 2017 | DOI 10.1039/c7fo00625j | PMID 28740990 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28740990/ | https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00625j | https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/fo/c7fo00625j","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 78-78; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b9f50432-630e-5674-8cf5-b86b2a4777f7","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 78-78","start_line":78,"end_line":78,"excerpt":"**Barrier protection is compound-selective.** In TNF-challenged human Caco-2 monolayers, cyanidin and delphinidin O-glucosides at 0.25–1 µM limited the fall in electrical resistance and rise in FITC-dextran permeability. Tested malvidin, peonidin and petunidin glucosides did not provide the same protection. NF-κB activation and downstream myosin-light-chain phosphorylation were reduced by the active compounds. This experiment measured functional permeability, not just more ZO-1 or occludin. It does not establish a clinical treatment for intestinal disease or a universal anthocyanin effect. [Cremonini et al., 2017](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/fo/c7fo00625j).","model_system":"Differentiated human Caco-2, 0.25-1 uM O-glucoside, TNF challenge; functional TEER and FITC-dextran readouts.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b08e7f7d-4d34-56d7-a185-2124f8d72b3c","stable_key":"import-35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769","title":"Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"7cff1a47fbd9c625412b84162b1c823004b4162b7c009f9a11d5807fb8e04ef9","revision_id":"1bd4fa42-bfeb-5148-8250-fc363d8c1de0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}