{"id":"11715759-d496-5082-923a-898e139c7e67","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:preparation-scope-anthocyanins-fecal-incubation-mixture","predicate":"present_in_specified_preparation","statement":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","claim_class":"identity","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"09c12352-2ef8-54e4-8755-bc59023f4ce5","mechanism_event_label":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","subject":{"id":"a1b1c9c3-cafe-5dd6-a590-f56222d3a4cc","slug":"anthocyanins","display_name":"Anthocyanins","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"object":{"id":"d698d44e-2dc6-52b3-b23e-61437e2ed2f1","slug":"anthocyanins-fecal-incubation-mixture","display_name":"Anthocyanin preparations tested in human fecal incubations","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"09c12352-2ef8-54e4-8755-bc59023f4ce5","stable_key":"35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769:preparation-scope-anthocyanins-fecal-incubation-mixture-event","event_type":"preparation_composition","label":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","description":"**Microbial cleavage and host conjugation are distinct steps.** Anaerobic human fecal incubations degraded glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins to B-ring-derived phenolic acids. Separate rat-liver microsome experiments produced glucuronides when supplied with activated glucuronic acid; the tested NADPH-supported P450 system did not hydroxylate or demethylate the pigments. These are model-specific positive and negative findings, not proof that all human metabolism is exclusively microbial or that every CYP interaction is absent. [Keppler and Humpf, 2005](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15834757/).","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"a1b1c9c3-cafe-5dd6-a590-f56222d3a4cc","slug":"anthocyanins","display_name":"Anthocyanins","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"as reported","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d698d44e-2dc6-52b3-b23e-61437e2ed2f1","slug":"anthocyanins-fecal-incubation-mixture","display_name":"Anthocyanin preparations tested in human fecal incubations","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"not_reported","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full methods, figures, exact doses or endpoint-specific species assignments may remain unextracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Preparation identity/scope; not isolated class causation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"A food or extract contains other constituents. Membership is a navigation link and does not transfer its findings to isolated anthocyanins.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The specified preparation contains anthocyanins; its experimental effects remain attached to the actual preparation. ","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Stability and biotransformation of various dietary anthocyanins in vitro. | 2006 | DOI 10.1007/s00394-005-0557-8 | PMID 15834757 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15834757/ | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-005-0557-8","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 44-44; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"b35d44e1-2929-5bfa-b305-cb9fdbb8f315","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 44-44","start_line":44,"end_line":44,"excerpt":"**Microbial cleavage and host conjugation are distinct steps.** Anaerobic human fecal incubations degraded glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins to B-ring-derived phenolic acids. Separate rat-liver microsome experiments produced glucuronides when supplied with activated glucuronic acid; the tested NADPH-supported P450 system did not hydroxylate or demethylate the pigments. These are model-specific positive and negative findings, not proof that all human metabolism is exclusively microbial or that every CYP interaction is absent. [Keppler and Humpf, 2005](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15834757/).","model_system":"Preparation identity/scope; not isolated class causation.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"b08e7f7d-4d34-56d7-a185-2124f8d72b3c","stable_key":"import-35ec55a7-323c-5c28-979e-3bdafe9d5769","title":"Anthocyanins: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 4 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"7cff1a47fbd9c625412b84162b1c823004b4162b7c009f9a11d5807fb8e04ef9","revision_id":"1bd4fa42-bfeb-5148-8250-fc363d8c1de0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}