{"id":"1140e7d4-f59a-56c3-b883-5b51e2c496b6","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-colonocyte-prefers-acetate","predicate":"supplies_carbon_to","statement":"Acetate made a significantly larger carbon contribution to lipids than propionate, butyrate, glucose or glutamine in rat colonic epithelial cells, with butyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate the other major contributors and glucose, glutamine and propionate making only minor contributions, and incorporation was significantly greater into phospholipids than into free fatty acids and triacylglycerides, suggesting the major role of this lipogenesis is membrane synthesis.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"50771cc3-af84-58f5-b748-886974d4a747","mechanism_event_label":"The cells lining the colon build their membranes mostly out of acetate, not out of glucose.","subject":{"id":"e366e758-1fb0-5573-aed1-34f6df874ac7","slug":"acetate","display_name":"Acetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"61ff7226-64b4-5ea6-954e-d6b1192f155d","slug":"de-novo-lipogenesis","display_name":"De novo lipogenesis","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"50771cc3-af84-58f5-b748-886974d4a747","stable_key":"b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5:acetate-colonocyte-prefers-acetate-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"The cells lining the colon build their membranes mostly out of acetate, not out of glucose.","description":"Acetate made a significantly larger carbon contribution to lipids than propionate, butyrate, glucose or glutamine in rat colonic epithelial cells, with butyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate the other major contributors and glucose, glutamine and propionate making only minor contributions, and incorporation was significantly greater into phospholipids than into free fatty acids and triacylglycerides, suggesting the major role of this lipogenesis is membrane synthesis.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"co_substrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"977574e4-049e-5643-9aba-417457d655c9","slug":"colonic-epithelial-cell","display_name":"Colonic epithelial cell","entity_type_key":"cell_type"},"role":"host_cell","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"d852103d-2f0c-5811-a554-815c1564b296","slug":"membrane-phospholipid-synthesis","display_name":"Synthesis of membrane phospholipids","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"destination_process","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f3eec97e-b0aa-59a2-9947-b205a7efdb10","slug":"propionate","display_name":"Propionate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"minor_substrate","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":3,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"e366e758-1fb0-5573-aed1-34f6df874ac7","slug":"acetate","display_name":"Acetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":4,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"61ff7226-64b4-5ea6-954e-d6b1192f155d","slug":"de-novo-lipogenesis","display_name":"De novo lipogenesis","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":5,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/14608066.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b2c891f60d02b85a8f4e87f26751f1129b0445fe52fb35ca5e5e20a92d4ecc5a\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1642, \"text_sha256\": \"b2c891f60d02b85a8f4e87f26751f1129b0445fe52fb35ca5e5e20a92d4ecc5a\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rat colonic epithelial cells with competing labelled substrates and ATP-citrate lyase inhibition","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Labelled acetate, propionate, butyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and glutamine, with hydroxycitrate as an ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"An isolated cell measurement. Its ATP-citrate lyase result anticipates by seventeen years the in vivo finding in this collection that lipogenic acetyl-CoA can arrive without that enzyme.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetic-acid","display_name":"Acetic acid","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rat","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The cells lining the colon build their membranes mostly out of acetate, not out of glucose.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[acetate-p14608066] Acetate and butyrate are the major substrates for de novo lipogenesis in rat colonic epithelial cells. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14608066/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3509","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Colonic epithelium","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"8317aa87-9d3c-58a9-af4d-a30bb1a5522a","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 524-535","start_line":524,"end_line":535,"excerpt":"### acetate-colonocyte-prefers-acetate\nAcetate made a significantly larger carbon contribution to lipids than propionate, butyrate, glucose or glutamine in rat colonic epithelial cells, with butyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate the other major contributors and glucose, glutamine and propionate making only minor contributions, and incorporation was significantly greater into phospholipids than into free fatty acids and triacylglycerides, suggesting the major role of this lipogenesis is membrane synthesis.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Acetic acid research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct clinical effect, and the ingested acid is recorded separately from the circulating acetate anion.\nplain_language: The cells lining the colon build their membranes mostly out of acetate, not out of glucose.\norganism: Rat\ntissue_or_cell_type: Colonic epithelium\nexperimental_model: Rat colonic epithelial cells with competing labelled substrates and ATP-citrate lyase inhibition\nlimitations: An isolated cell measurement. Its ATP-citrate lyase result anticipates by seventeen years the in vivo finding in this collection that lipogenic acetyl-CoA can arrive without that enzyme.\nexposure: Labelled acetate, propionate, butyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and glutamine, with hydroxycitrate as an ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/acetate-research/14608066.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"b2c891f60d02b85a8f4e87f26751f1129b0445fe52fb35ca5e5e20a92d4ecc5a\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1642, \"text_sha256\": \"b2c891f60d02b85a8f4e87f26751f1129b0445fe52fb35ca5e5e20a92d4ecc5a\"}\n[acetate-p14608066] Acetate and butyrate are the major substrates for de novo lipogenesis in rat colonic epithelial cells. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14608066/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3509","model_system":"Rat colonic epithelial cells with competing labelled substrates and ATP-citrate lyase inhibition","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [acetate-p14608066] Acetate and butyrate are the major substrates for de novo lipogenesis in rat colonic epithelial cells. (2003). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14608066/ DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3509","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"8356baaf-173c-5549-80cd-bbbb2007ffb5","stable_key":"import-b26c9d01-98fd-50d3-8f39-44db46961ee5","title":"Acetic acid: the ingested acid, the receptors acetate binds, the acetyl-CoA it becomes, and the acetyl groups that reach histones (2026-09-21)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"1441d249b16db25c0d488407e5cc881222acffc2f16af88cb3197d9d5697bccc","revision_id":"9bfeb605-f589-5e99-84b9-e56968a3bc1f","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}