{"id":"10be752c-50e2-56d3-8023-6145fa122919","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-butyrate-production","predicate":"increases","statement":"Oral berberine increased microbial butyrate production in the animal and bacterial-culture experiments.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"b4814edb-20b7-59a6-9ac6-926783303842","mechanism_event_label":"Microbes can turn a drug exposure into a change in metabolite supply.","subject":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"1907485f-e027-5d85-acab-cf299fbfd169","slug":"microbial-butyrate-production","display_name":"Gut microbial butyrate production","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"b4814edb-20b7-59a6-9ac6-926783303842","stable_key":"7484635e-cc8f-5cd6-a978-6dc5775a7db5:berberine-butyrate-production-event","event_type":"biochemical_relationship","label":"Microbes can turn a drug exposure into a change in metabolite supply.","description":"Oral berberine increased microbial butyrate production in the animal and bacterial-culture experiments.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"product","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"7bbe0633-b2f1-510f-adc0-3c4d0ddad05d","slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"1907485f-e027-5d85-acab-cf299fbfd169","slug":"microbial-butyrate-production","display_name":"Gut microbial butyrate production","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/28403947.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"cfddc94ff2b2fde20038169c5734cb9d4968c6939ebb94052b9638c8043cc877\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2151, \"text_sha256\": \"cfddc94ff2b2fde20038169c5734cb9d4968c6939ebb94052b9638c8043cc877\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Bacterial culture and animal route/antibiotic experiments","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"Oral versus intraperitoneal berberine; antibiotics and direct butyrate comparison","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Preclinical evidence. Butyrate production was an indirect microbial route; injected berberine retained separate metabolic effects without raising butyrate. Does not establish probiotic synergy in people.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"berberine","display_name":"Berberine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Gut bacteria and rodents","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Microbes can turn a drug exposure into a change in metabolite supply.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[berberine-p28403947] Berberine-induced bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota improve energy metabolism. (2017). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28403947/ DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.003","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Short-chain fatty acid production","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"499a3f3b-bc21-5077-9691-0869ef1246f1","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 987-998","start_line":987,"end_line":998,"excerpt":"### berberine-butyrate-production\nOral berberine increased microbial butyrate production in the animal and bacterial-culture experiments.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Berberine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: Microbes can turn a drug exposure into a change in metabolite supply.\norganism: Gut bacteria and rodents\ntissue_or_cell_type: Short-chain fatty acid production\nexperimental_model: Bacterial culture and animal route/antibiotic experiments\nlimitations: Preclinical evidence. Butyrate production was an indirect microbial route; injected berberine retained separate metabolic effects without raising butyrate. Does not establish probiotic synergy in people.\nexposure: Oral versus intraperitoneal berberine; antibiotics and direct butyrate comparison\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/berberine-research/28403947.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"cfddc94ff2b2fde20038169c5734cb9d4968c6939ebb94052b9638c8043cc877\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 2151, \"text_sha256\": \"cfddc94ff2b2fde20038169c5734cb9d4968c6939ebb94052b9638c8043cc877\"}\n[berberine-p28403947] Berberine-induced bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota improve energy metabolism. 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