{"id":"0fd952ae-164e-5c74-84c6-517745928301","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:heart-pdh-buffer","predicate":"increases_in_recorded_comparison","statement":"Dichloroacetate increased cardiac acetylcarnitine production and pool size in fed rats.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_recorded","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"086c516c-363d-582d-875d-08aeb2fe4c0f","mechanism_event_label":"Dichloroacetate increased cardiac acetylcarnitine production and pool size in fed rats.","subject":{"id":"4c1b9a61-ba8b-5be4-9c98-4f82b1263911","slug":"dichloroacetate","display_name":"Dichloroacetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"08cc7c4f-f456-5aad-a2f6-e87a0bebf08d","slug":"rat-cardiac-acetylcarnitine-pool","display_name":"Rat cardiac acetylcarnitine pool","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"086c516c-363d-582d-875d-08aeb2fe4c0f","stable_key":"e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b:heart-pdh-buffer-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Dichloroacetate increased cardiac acetylcarnitine production and pool size in fed rats.","description":"### heart-pdh-buffer\n\nDichloroacetate increased cardiac acetylcarnitine production and pool size in fed rats.\nProduction increased 35% and pool size 33%; the recorded intervention enhanced PDH flux. This is endogenous buffering, not oral ALCAR efficacy.\nModel and exposure: Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate and cardiac magnetic resonance.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"4c1b9a61-ba8b-5be4-9c98-4f82b1263911","slug":"dichloroacetate","display_name":"Dichloroacetate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Dichloroacetate-enhanced PDH flux","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"08cc7c4f-f456-5aad-a2f6-e87a0bebf08d","slug":"rat-cardiac-acetylcarnitine-pool","display_name":"Rat cardiac acetylcarnitine pool","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"increase","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"5ce394a9-6ec6-56dd-866f-37d85c0556e4","slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"measured metabolite","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Dichloroacetate-enhanced PDH flux\", \"comparator\": \"Fed control rats\", \"endpoint\": \"Dichloroacetate increased cardiac acetylcarnitine production and pool size in fed rats.\", \"effect_direction\": \"increase\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate and cardiac magnetic resonance.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived curation with stated access limits; ungraded, not independent replication.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Acetyl-L-carnitine collection; exact intervention and molecular form govern interpretation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"acetylcarnitine","display_name":"Acetyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Dichloroacetate increased cardiac acetylcarnitine production and pool size in fed rats.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference heart-pdh-buffer; Production increased 35% and pool size 33%; the recorded intervention enhanced PDH flux. This is endogenous buffering, not oral ALCAR efficacy.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"aa2516aa-105d-5e99-b964-4512b2ab8acd","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 32-38","start_line":32,"end_line":38,"excerpt":"### heart-pdh-buffer\n\nDichloroacetate increased cardiac acetylcarnitine production and pool size in fed rats.\nProduction increased 35% and pool size 33%; the recorded intervention enhanced PDH flux. This is endogenous buffering, not oral ALCAR efficacy.\nModel and exposure: Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate and cardiac magnetic resonance.\nLimitations: Limited to the recorded preparation, model, exposure and endpoint. Does not establish a human dietary deficiency, clinical benefit or unique molecular mediation.\nReference: The cycling of acetyl-coenzyme A through acetylcarnitine buffers cardiac substrate supply: a hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance study. | 2012 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22238215/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3378498/ | https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.111.969451 | Access: Primary full text: relevant Results/Methods and figure descriptions reviewed; supplements only where explicitly stated.","model_system":"Male Wistar rats; hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate and cardiac magnetic resonance.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_recorded","notes":"Original paraphrase in the retained reviewed reference, not a verbatim primary-paper quotation. Access level is explicit.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"2588f904-245a-597a-8a12-65118013fb90","stable_key":"import-e3f6ce02-0bd7-5103-acc1-68503ab6751b","title":"Acetyl-L-carnitine: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 6 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted original review of primary studies and clearly identified official records. Exact primary access is stated; no independent replication is claimed.","file_path":"","sha256":"84cc82d6fbb0fd5d73c4ce779e9f88e7f0184ba2d29b18ad0f153815380f2975","revision_id":"dac7a950-dbe5-5c7a-9c70-2ea711d5c71a","review_status":"source_recorded","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}