{"id":"0f1a4a4c-6217-5983-97ed-8eecb4363923","stable_key":"44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac:creatine-cognition-context","predicate":"did_not_clearly_improve_primary_tests_of","statement":"Neither primary cognitive test reached conventional statistical significance; exploratory tasks showed no indication of improvement, and vegetarians did not benefit more than omnivores.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"4bb9a29e-eced-5c19-b37e-f2a28a3c28fe","mechanism_event_label":"The larger trial left a possible small benefit uncertain and did not demonstrate a broad cognitive boost.","subject":{"id":"9f5df558-ed3d-5cda-b5ca-0f90f7aa6a8c","slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"02918e94-ca19-5a05-8767-41cc6e3b3f1b","slug":"creatine-cognitive-performance","display_name":"Cognitive performance in creatine intervention studies","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"4bb9a29e-eced-5c19-b37e-f2a28a3c28fe","stable_key":"44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac:creatine-cognition-context-event","event_type":"observed_intervention","label":"The larger trial left a possible small benefit uncertain and did not demonstrate a broad cognitive boost.","description":"Neither primary cognitive test reached conventional statistical significance; exploratory tasks showed no indication of improvement, and vegetarians did not benefit more than omnivores.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"9f5df558-ed3d-5cda-b5ca-0f90f7aa6a8c","slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"02918e94-ca19-5a05-8767-41cc6e3b3f1b","slug":"creatine-cognitive-performance","display_name":"Cognitive performance in creatine intervention studies","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_span","value_text":"{\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/creatine-research/37968687.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"bf6121a3717d28c7cca0ae08a4ff612dc0f0d5fcfa610cbfb03c942a7a831798\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1953, \"text_sha256\": \"bf6121a3717d28c7cca0ae08a4ff612dc0f0d5fcfa610cbfb03c942a7a831798\"}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Preregistered randomized double-blind crossover trial","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure","value_text":"5 g/day creatine for six weeks versus placebo","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Backward digit span P=0.064 and Raven matrices P=0.327; Bayesian interpretation suggested a possible small effect. No established broad cognitive benefit or vegetarian-specific advantage.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"creatine","display_name":"Creatine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"123 vegetarian and omnivorous participants","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The larger trial left a possible small benefit uncertain and did not demonstrate a broad cognitive boost.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[creatine-p37968687] The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance-a randomised controlled study. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37968687/ DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03146-5","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"Cognitive testing","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"4430f41c-992c-527b-b15a-e4aa841fa37b","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1036-1047","start_line":1036,"end_line":1047,"excerpt":"### creatine-cognition-context\nNeither primary cognitive test reached conventional statistical significance; exploratory tasks showed no indication of improvement, and vegetarians did not benefit more than omnivores.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Creatine research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The larger trial left a possible small benefit uncertain and did not demonstrate a broad cognitive boost.\norganism: 123 vegetarian and omnivorous participants\ntissue_or_cell_type: Cognitive testing\nexperimental_model: Preregistered randomized double-blind crossover trial\nlimitations: Backward digit span P=0.064 and Raven matrices P=0.327; Bayesian interpretation suggested a possible small effect. No established broad cognitive benefit or vegetarian-specific advantage.\nexposure: 5 g/day creatine for six weeks versus placebo\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/creatine-research/37968687.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"bf6121a3717d28c7cca0ae08a4ff612dc0f0d5fcfa610cbfb03c942a7a831798\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1953, \"text_sha256\": \"bf6121a3717d28c7cca0ae08a4ff612dc0f0d5fcfa610cbfb03c942a7a831798\"}\n[creatine-p37968687] The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance-a randomised controlled study. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37968687/ DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03146-5","model_system":"Preregistered randomized double-blind crossover trial","directness":"author_interpretation","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact curation-document quotation, not publisher quotation. Study references: [creatine-p37968687] The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance-a randomised controlled study. (2023). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37968687/ DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03146-5","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"70358046-c5c3-5e9a-9fc9-eb01c3fff88b","stable_key":"import-44737fa3-b335-53f4-a644-b9878d4416ac","title":"Creatine: synthesis, transport, phosphocreatine energetics and nutrient interactions (2026-09-17)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted literature curation; primary study URLs and scope retained in the document and extraction. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"548237d3e98a73a7dc02181807921fdd8b902adcee46248792258a761593eda9","revision_id":"88738255-8028-52fb-9c12-0fe92d8ce367","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}