{"id":"0a88d47a-65fc-503d-bc23-cfaf89fbf493","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-rectal-bp-decrease","predicate":"modulates","statement":"Ten Black adults with stage-1 hypertension had lower daytime systolic pressure after an acute 80 mM butyrate enema in a crossover comparison with a 5 mM low-dose enema.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"818ebf11-bf1b-5491-83a8-2a4f3721573a","mechanism_event_label":"A small study using a different delivery route found a lower-pressure response.","subject":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"c6a57754-7d6b-5321-8925-8134a99129a2","slug":"human-butyrate-blood-pressure","display_name":"Human blood pressure after butyrate administration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"818ebf11-bf1b-5491-83a8-2a4f3721573a","stable_key":"104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4:butyrate-rectal-bp-decrease-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"A small study using a different delivery route found a lower-pressure response.","description":"Ten Black adults with stage-1 hypertension had lower daytime systolic pressure after an acute 80 mM butyrate enema in a crossover comparison with a 5 mM low-dose enema.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"e7428a7f-d35a-5406-9904-a88984814833","slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"c6a57754-7d6b-5321-8925-8134a99129a2","slug":"human-butyrate-blood-pressure","display_name":"Human blood pressure after butyrate administration","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full text, dose/control design and results","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Randomized crossover, seven-day separation; 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"The comparator contained butyrate, not inert placebo; acute rectal delivery is not four-week oral treatment.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Butyrate collection; molecular form, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"butyrate","display_name":"Butyrate","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"A small study using a different delivery route found a lower-pressure response.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Effect of Acute Gut Butyrate Delivery on Blood Pressure in Black Individuals With Hypertension: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Study. · 2025 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40736085/ · DOI 10.1161/JAHA.124.039759","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"c641177b-bc1c-52c1-8fef-11cbb7ac08b1","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 590-596","start_line":590,"end_line":596,"excerpt":"## butyrate-rectal-bp-decrease\nA small study using a different delivery route found a lower-pressure response.\nTen Black adults with stage-1 hypertension had lower daytime systolic pressure after an acute 80 mM butyrate enema in a crossover comparison with a 5 mM low-dose enema.\nModel: Randomized crossover, seven-day separation; 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.\nLimitations: The comparator contained butyrate, not inert placebo; acute rectal delivery is not four-week oral treatment.\nEvidence access: Primary full text, dose/control design and results\nEffect of Acute Gut Butyrate Delivery on Blood Pressure in Black Individuals With Hypertension: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Study. · 2025 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40736085/ · DOI 10.1161/JAHA.124.039759","model_system":"Randomized crossover, seven-day separation; 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"33205bb8-dcbe-5d2c-afca-86075d7748d1","stable_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"a1253eb4426fc45d7b7c113028aa4ba2e9f89a9653272f3795437fc222bad558","revision_id":"c2320e65-a252-57a9-8838-7abf3d23400e","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[{"id":"9dede8fc-a11e-567a-b74a-118cf9a60dbc","title":"Why do oral and rectal butyrate studies report different blood-pressure directions?","kind":"contradiction","status":"open","why":"A 2024 randomized sodium-matched oral trial reported increased blood pressure, while a 2025 small acute rectal crossover study reported lower daytime systolic pressure. This is unresolved clinical evidence across different interventions, not a correction to draft wording.","resolution":"Keep both results and their noninterchangeable designs. The oral trial used four weeks of sodium butyrate versus sodium-matched placebo; the rectal study compared one high-dose enema with a low-dose butyrate enema in ten hypertensive participants. Delivery compartment, timing, population and comparator are candidate explanations, not proven mechanisms. Neither a universal benefit nor a universal adverse effect is established.","created_at":"2026-09-19 05:59:02","record_type":"conflict","display_label":"Recorded conflict","record_url":"/conflicts/9dede8fc-a11e-567a-b74a-118cf9a60dbc","sides":[{"conflict_id":"9dede8fc-a11e-567a-b74a-118cf9a60dbc","ordinal":0,"label":"Four-week oral trial: pressure increased","revision_id":"c2320e65-a252-57a9-8838-7abf3d23400e","start_line":582,"end_line":588,"quote":"## butyrate-oral-bp-increase\nAn oral human trial found higher blood pressure.\nIn 23 hypertensive adults, 3.9 g/day oral sodium butyrate for four weeks increased daytime systolic pressure by 9.63 mmHg and diastolic pressure by 5.08 mmHg versus sodium-matched placebo.\nModel: Double-blind randomized trial after supervised antihypertensive washout; sodium chloride placebo matched the sodium load.\nLimitations: Small short trial; do not infer the increase was simply unmatched sodium or advise medication changes.\nEvidence access: Primary full text, intervention methods and primary results\nEffects of Oral Butyrate on Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39034917/ · DOI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22437","source_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","source_title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","claim_ids":["d849de82-7bff-5ef4-a715-695fb5dfb79c"]},{"conflict_id":"9dede8fc-a11e-567a-b74a-118cf9a60dbc","ordinal":1,"label":"Acute rectal crossover: systolic pressure decreased","revision_id":"c2320e65-a252-57a9-8838-7abf3d23400e","start_line":590,"end_line":596,"quote":"## butyrate-rectal-bp-decrease\nA small study using a different delivery route found a lower-pressure response.\nTen Black adults with stage-1 hypertension had lower daytime systolic pressure after an acute 80 mM butyrate enema in a crossover comparison with a 5 mM low-dose enema.\nModel: Randomized crossover, seven-day separation; 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.\nLimitations: The comparator contained butyrate, not inert placebo; acute rectal delivery is not four-week oral treatment.\nEvidence access: Primary full text, dose/control design and results\nEffect of Acute Gut Butyrate Delivery on Blood Pressure in Black Individuals With Hypertension: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Study. · 2025 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40736085/ · DOI 10.1161/JAHA.124.039759","source_key":"import-104835a3-b891-5dc4-a6bb-42ab7c6f96c4","source_title":"Butyrate: microbial production, fuel use, signaling and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","claim_ids":["0a88d47a-65fc-503d-bc23-cfaf89fbf493"]}]}],"corrections":[],"research":null}