{"id":"093e80cf-dde4-5eec-837f-b9e1133ba0c9","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-rat-brain-exposure","predicate":"produces_brain_exposure","statement":"After oral indicaxanthin, rat whole-brain content peaked at 20 +/- 2.4 ng at 2.5 hours.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"08aa481c-eb2e-54f2-a23a-f364c2c402c6","mechanism_event_label":"After oral indicaxanthin, rat whole-brain content peaked at 20 +/- 2.4 ng at 2.5 hours.","subject":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"016ae9af-dee6-59fe-bc5d-92583c6314ff","slug":"rat-brain-indicaxanthin-exposure","display_name":"Indicaxanthin exposure in rat brain","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"08aa481c-eb2e-54f2-a23a-f364c2c402c6","stable_key":"c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb:indicaxanthin-rat-brain-exposure-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"After oral indicaxanthin, rat whole-brain content peaked at 20 +/- 2.4 ng at 2.5 hours.","description":"After oral indicaxanthin, rat whole-brain content peaked at 20 +/- 2.4 ng at 2.5 hours.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f2a6e469-05f0-5596-9054-da926389f584","slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"016ae9af-dee6-59fe-bc5d-92583c6314ff","slug":"rat-brain-indicaxanthin-exposure","display_name":"Indicaxanthin exposure in rat brain","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Indicaxanthin 2 micromol/kg","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"Detected within 1 h, peak at 2.5 h, disappearance by approximately 4 h","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary PubMed abstract.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Rats given purified indicaxanthin","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Brain exposure in rats does not demonstrate human BBB transport, clinical neuroprotection or neuronal target engagement.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Dedicated indicaxanthin chapter; original betalain family identity and shared claims preserved.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"indicaxanthin","display_name":"Indicaxanthin","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Rats given purified indicaxanthin","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"After oral indicaxanthin, rat whole-brain content peaked at 20 +/- 2.4 ng at 2.5 hours.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and Modulates Neuronal Bioelectric Activity in Rat Hippocampus at Dietary-Consistent Amounts. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26227670/ DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02612","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Oral administration","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Whole brain","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"e03b97ca-d267-580a-9830-21e462dd4d37","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 195-204","start_line":195,"end_line":204,"excerpt":"## indicaxanthin-rat-brain-exposure\nAfter oral indicaxanthin, rat whole-brain content peaked at 20 +/- 2.4 ng at 2.5 hours.\nModel/species: Rats given purified indicaxanthin\nTissue: Whole brain\nExposure: Indicaxanthin 2 micromol/kg\nRoute: Oral administration\nDuration: Detected within 1 h, peak at 2.5 h, disappearance by approximately 4 h\nLimits: Brain exposure in rats does not demonstrate human BBB transport, clinical neuroprotection or neuronal target engagement.\nPrimary reference: Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and Modulates Neuronal Bioelectric Activity in Rat Hippocampus at Dietary-Consistent Amounts. (2015). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26227670/ DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02612\nAccess: Primary PubMed abstract.","model_system":"Rats given purified indicaxanthin","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact archived curation span; original paraphrase with primary citation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"18b7303c-98b7-54cb-ae8e-a8c6257657b1","stable_key":"import-c94a9824-35fb-523c-b421-dc7341218dcb","title":"Indicaxanthin: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of thirteen additional primary studies, with twenty-six existing claims from eight studies linked unchanged. Study-specific citations and limitations retained. 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