{"id":"093e6206-afd1-533e-931e-81672b039105","stable_key":"c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736:hfcs-cell-glp1","predicate":"stimulates","statement":"Fructose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in mouse GLUTag cells with a reported EC50 of 0.155 mM.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"positive","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"704533ae-f76f-5ee7-a76f-d6a0eec1a07c","mechanism_event_label":"Fructose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in mouse GLUTag cells with a reported EC50 of 0.155 mM.","subject":{"id":"3c379840-5688-5b5d-84c0-5950b4fd8f17","slug":"fructose","display_name":"Fructose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"521566d8-3d83-5e52-a4bf-0956fce4c85d","slug":"mouse-glutag-glp1-secretion","display_name":"GLP-1 secretion from mouse GLUTag cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"704533ae-f76f-5ee7-a76f-d6a0eec1a07c","stable_key":"c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736:hfcs-cell-glp1-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"Fructose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in mouse GLUTag cells with a reported EC50 of 0.155 mM.","description":"Fructose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in mouse GLUTag cells with a reported EC50 of 0.155 mM.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"3c379840-5688-5b5d-84c0-5950b4fd8f17","slug":"fructose","display_name":"Fructose","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"521566d8-3d83-5e52-a4bf-0956fce4c85d","slug":"mouse-glutag-glp1-secretion","display_name":"GLP-1 secretion from mouse GLUTag cells","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"4853afc6-9eaa-547f-91d7-c4dd90082351","slug":"glp-1","display_name":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 / GLP-1","entity_type_key":"peptide"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Fructose concentration series, EC50 0.155 mM; blocker experiment 10 mM fructose plus 340 micromolar diazoxide","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"2 h","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; source-specific curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Mouse GLUTag enteroendocrine cell line","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"exposure_scope","value_text":"Isolated fructose / drug-peptide assay","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Pharmacological channel control in a cell line does not establish a human drug-food interaction or a reason to consume fructose therapeutically.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"HFCS chapter: actual formulation studies, component biochemistry and interventions are explicitly distinguished.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"high-fructose-corn-syrup","display_name":"High-Fructose Corn Syrup / HFCS","entity_type_key":"chemical_species"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Mouse GLUTag enteroendocrine cell line","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Fructose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in mouse GLUTag cells with a reported EC50 of 0.155 mM.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Fructose stimulates GLP-1 but not GIP secretion in mice, rats, and humans. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24525020/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00372.2013","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"In vitro sugar and drug exposure","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"GLP-1 secretion assay","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"4186edcb-2e38-54fe-a48e-32cf87078b57","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 473-483","start_line":473,"end_line":483,"excerpt":"## hfcs-cell-glp1\nFructose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in mouse GLUTag cells with a reported EC50 of 0.155 mM.\nModel/species: Mouse GLUTag enteroendocrine cell line\nTissue: GLP-1 secretion assay\nExposure: Fructose concentration series, EC50 0.155 mM; blocker experiment 10 mM fructose plus 340 micromolar diazoxide\nRoute: In vitro sugar and drug exposure\nDuration: 2 h\nExposure scope: Isolated fructose / drug-peptide assay\nLimits: Pharmacological channel control in a cell line does not establish a human drug-food interaction or a reason to consume fructose therapeutically.\nReference: Fructose stimulates GLP-1 but not GIP secretion in mice, rats, and humans. (2014). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24525020/ DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00372.2013\nAccess: Primary full-text methods/results and metadata inspected.","model_system":"Mouse GLUTag enteroendocrine cell line","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span, not a publisher quotation; provenance retained.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e863ddf6-7c1e-5a70-8335-7f3ac3eeee92","stable_key":"import-c8c7aa13-14c6-5f5c-9afc-9217d0f2f736","title":"High-Fructose Corn Syrup: mechanism of action and metabolic impact (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of twenty primary studies and official FDA composition information, with one reused canonical glucose-transport claim. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. 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