{"id":"09055726-7f8d-5563-a92b-cdeed6e51bed","stable_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:platelet-monocyte","predicate":"decreases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Shikimic acid at 0.5–2 mM decreased monocyte–platelet aggregates.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"88709abe-fc4a-5900-a5c9-3c0b1ab1da45","mechanism_event_label":"Shikimic acid at 0.5–2 mM decreased monocyte–platelet aggregates.","subject":{"id":"67ad4a8f-1bf6-59e5-90a6-97b7709024d3","slug":"shikimic-acid","display_name":"Shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"ee16b4e0-16c4-5cff-9b84-b833c6018013","slug":"human-sa-monocyte-platelet-aggregates","display_name":"Human monocyte–platelet aggregate formation with shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"88709abe-fc4a-5900-a5c9-3c0b1ab1da45","stable_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:platelet-monocyte-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Shikimic acid at 0.5–2 mM decreased monocyte–platelet aggregates.","description":"**Human blood was exposed outside the body.** Veach 2016 added 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid to blood from 22 sedentary participants. ADP-induced aggregation decreased at 2 mM, whereas collagen-induced aggregation did not significantly decrease. Flow cytometry recorded lower PAC-1 signal at 2 mM, CD62P at 1–2 mM, monocyte–platelet aggregates at 0.5–2 mM and CD31 at 1 mM. PAC-1 here is a platelet activation assay label; the abstract’s expansion as a procaspase-activating compound is not imported as a drug mechanism. This ex-vivo experiment is not an oral trial, direct P2Y12-binding assay or clinical thrombosis result. The millimolar exposures exceed the micromolar animal oral peaks cited above, without establishing any human equivalence. [Anti-platelet and anti-thrombogenic effects of shikimic acid in sedentary population.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480079/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"67ad4a8f-1bf6-59e5-90a6-97b7709024d3","slug":"shikimic-acid","display_name":"Shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Shikimic acid at the endpoint-specific concentration","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"ee16b4e0-16c4-5cff-9b84-b833c6018013","slug":"human-sa-monocyte-platelet-aggregates","display_name":"Human monocyte–platelet aggregate formation with shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"decrease","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full results, tables and supplements not independently extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Shikimic acid at the endpoint-specific concentration\", \"comparator\": \"Matched stimulated blood without shikimic acid\", \"endpoint\": \"Shikimic acid at 0.5–2 mM decreased monocyte–platelet aggregates.\", \"effect_direction\": \"decrease\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Blood from 22 sedentary humans, exposed ex vivo to 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"No ingestion, clinical thrombosis measurement or direct receptor binding. PAC-1 is retained as an assay label, not a procaspase-targeting compound.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Shikimic acid at 0.5–2 mM decreased monocyte–platelet aggregates.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Anti-platelet and anti-thrombogenic effects of shikimic acid in sedentary population. | 2016 | DOI 10.1039/c6fo00927a | PMID 27480079 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480079/ | https://doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00927a","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 55-55; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"76d15064-b964-5dfa-b370-36b5dc3c03a2","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 55-55","start_line":55,"end_line":55,"excerpt":"**Human blood was exposed outside the body.** Veach 2016 added 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid to blood from 22 sedentary participants. ADP-induced aggregation decreased at 2 mM, whereas collagen-induced aggregation did not significantly decrease. Flow cytometry recorded lower PAC-1 signal at 2 mM, CD62P at 1–2 mM, monocyte–platelet aggregates at 0.5–2 mM and CD31 at 1 mM. PAC-1 here is a platelet activation assay label; the abstract’s expansion as a procaspase-activating compound is not imported as a drug mechanism. This ex-vivo experiment is not an oral trial, direct P2Y12-binding assay or clinical thrombosis result. The millimolar exposures exceed the micromolar animal oral peaks cited above, without establishing any human equivalence. [Anti-platelet and anti-thrombogenic effects of shikimic acid in sedentary population.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480079/)","model_system":"Blood from 22 sedentary humans, exposed ex vivo to 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e6ae59de-0369-5c2f-8262-57d91302671c","stable_key":"import-31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07","title":"Shikimic acid: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. 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