{"id":"085fce47-66e1-52f5-9a9f-8f64986254d7","stable_key":"8600a864-6653-52c7-9718-1362c5af4577:gamma-nonalactone-lactulose-skin-null","predicate":"no_apparent_emission_trend","statement":"The human lactulose time course showed no apparent increasing trend in gamma-nonalactone skin emission.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"neutral","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"53c8c770-7758-52df-a684-26c140fd38f0","mechanism_event_label":"The human lactulose time course showed no apparent increasing trend in gamma-nonalactone skin emission.","subject":{"id":"2dcbdf74-a766-5f71-9e8a-41fa55eadd54","slug":"lactulose","display_name":"Lactulose","entity_type_key":"drug"},"object":{"id":"f43c1e17-e3bc-5a22-99af-bd0230c3a63e","slug":"human-skin-gamma-nonalactone-emission","display_name":"Gamma-nonalactone emission from human forearm skin","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"53c8c770-7758-52df-a684-26c140fd38f0","stable_key":"8600a864-6653-52c7-9718-1362c5af4577:gamma-nonalactone-lactulose-skin-null-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The human lactulose time course showed no apparent increasing trend in gamma-nonalactone skin emission.","description":"The human lactulose time course showed no apparent increasing trend in gamma-nonalactone skin emission.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"2dcbdf74-a766-5f71-9e8a-41fa55eadd54","slug":"lactulose","display_name":"Lactulose","entity_type_key":"drug"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"f43c1e17-e3bc-5a22-99af-bd0230c3a63e","slug":"human-skin-gamma-nonalactone-emission","display_name":"Gamma-nonalactone emission from human forearm skin","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"2b85fa4a-5c91-5de9-aead-a443bc4394af","slug":"gamma-nonalactone","display_name":"Gamma-nonalactone","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"dose","value_text":"Lactulose 4 g/day; no administered gamma-nonalactone","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"duration","value_text":"2 weeks; baseline days 1-2 and follow-up days 6, 10 and 17","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"evidence_scope","value_text":"literature_reviewed; model-specific source-derived curation","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Exploratory healthy-human lactulose study; six participants in time-course cohort, ten in expanded correlation analysis","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Small uncontrolled study; no apparent C9 trend is not proof of universal absence of effect. Significant C10/C11 increases must not be transferred to C9 gamma-nonalactone; SCFA mediation remains proposed.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Gamma-nonalactone flavor-compound chapter; nutrient and drug interactions retain their experimental settings.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"gamma-nonalactone","display_name":"Gamma-nonalactone","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Exploratory healthy-human lactulose study; six participants in time-course cohort, ten in expanded correlation analysis","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The human lactulose time course showed no apparent increasing trend in gamma-nonalactone skin emission.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Influence of Ingestion of Lactulose on gamma-Lactones Emanating from Human Skin Surface (2023). https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3930 DOI: 10.3390/app13063930","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"route","value_text":"Oral lactulose; passive skin-gas sampling","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue","value_text":"Forearm volatile emission measured by passive sampling and GC-MS","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"73075abe-7934-541f-b9c8-35b2aa4d864d","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 257-266","start_line":257,"end_line":266,"excerpt":"## gamma-nonalactone-lactulose-skin-null\nThe human lactulose time course showed no apparent increasing trend in gamma-nonalactone skin emission.\nModel/species: Exploratory healthy-human lactulose study; six participants in time-course cohort, ten in expanded correlation analysis\nTissue: Forearm volatile emission measured by passive sampling and GC-MS\nExposure: Lactulose 4 g/day; no administered gamma-nonalactone\nRoute: Oral lactulose; passive skin-gas sampling\nDuration: 2 weeks; baseline days 1-2 and follow-up days 6, 10 and 17\nLimits: Small uncontrolled study; no apparent C9 trend is not proof of universal absence of effect. Significant C10/C11 increases must not be transferred to C9 gamma-nonalactone; SCFA mediation remains proposed.\nPrimary reference: Influence of Ingestion of Lactulose on gamma-Lactones Emanating from Human Skin Surface (2023). https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/6/3930 DOI: 10.3390/app13063930\nAccess: Primary full-text methods/results inspected; PubMed metadata where indexed.","model_system":"Exploratory healthy-human lactulose study; six participants in time-course cohort, ten in expanded correlation analysis","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact original curation span with primary citation; not a publisher quotation.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"73777c54-95a4-5b07-9d14-d4dd31949fb1","stable_key":"import-8600a864-6653-52c7-9718-1362c5af4577","title":"Gamma-nonalactone: mechanisms, molecular forms and cross-actor connections (2026-09-20)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted curation of eight primary studies. Study-specific citations, negative findings and limitations retained. Not publisher full text.","file_path":"","sha256":"a6fede6fbb2b70669be6846626f9c197edfd605c627d50fffa984e2b0b7ed71d","revision_id":"bb5ac9d2-d97d-59ac-a99c-ddf46d535574","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}