{"id":"01d9082b-c725-5953-964b-b256fab77019","stable_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:platelet-adp","predicate":"decreases_in_recorded_experiment","statement":"Ex-vivo 2 mM shikimic acid decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation.","claim_class":"observational","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"negative","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"1359a9aa-4d10-5fd1-b779-d9b6af2394e1","mechanism_event_label":"Ex-vivo 2 mM shikimic acid decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation.","subject":{"id":"67ad4a8f-1bf6-59e5-90a6-97b7709024d3","slug":"shikimic-acid","display_name":"Shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"9e1e27c3-5a8d-54f7-868e-3578f9648ec5","slug":"human-sa-adp-aggregation","display_name":"Human ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation with shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"1359a9aa-4d10-5fd1-b779-d9b6af2394e1","stable_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:platelet-adp-event","event_type":"experimental_observation","label":"Ex-vivo 2 mM shikimic acid decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation.","description":"**Human blood was exposed outside the body.** Veach 2016 added 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid to blood from 22 sedentary participants. ADP-induced aggregation decreased at 2 mM, whereas collagen-induced aggregation did not significantly decrease. Flow cytometry recorded lower PAC-1 signal at 2 mM, CD62P at 1–2 mM, monocyte–platelet aggregates at 0.5–2 mM and CD31 at 1 mM. PAC-1 here is a platelet activation assay label; the abstract’s expansion as a procaspase-activating compound is not imported as a drug mechanism. This ex-vivo experiment is not an oral trial, direct P2Y12-binding assay or clinical thrombosis result. The millimolar exposures exceed the micromolar animal oral peaks cited above, without establishing any human equivalence. [Anti-platelet and anti-thrombogenic effects of shikimic acid in sedentary population.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480079/)","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"67ad4a8f-1bf6-59e5-90a6-97b7709024d3","slug":"shikimic-acid","display_name":"Shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"tested factor","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"Shikimic acid at the endpoint-specific concentration","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"9e1e27c3-5a8d-54f7-868e-3578f9648ec5","slug":"human-sa-adp-aggregation","display_name":"Human ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation with shikimic acid","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"measured outcome","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"decrease","sequence_order":1,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary indexed abstract reviewed; full results, tables and supplements not independently extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_contrast","value_text":"{\"intervention\": \"Shikimic acid at the endpoint-specific concentration\", \"comparator\": \"Matched stimulated blood without shikimic acid\", \"endpoint\": \"Ex-vivo 2 mM shikimic acid decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation.\", \"effect_direction\": \"decrease\", \"combination\": \"single\", \"conditions\": []}","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"Explicit extracted experimental comparison; source-derived draft.","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Blood from 22 sedentary humans, exposed ex vivo to 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"interpretation_status","value_text":"Source-derived extraction of a fact-checked reference; access is explicit, not independent raw-data verification.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"No ingestion, clinical thrombosis measurement or direct receptor binding. PAC-1 is retained as an assay label, not a procaspase-targeting compound.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"Ex-vivo 2 mM shikimic acid decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Anti-platelet and anti-thrombogenic effects of shikimic acid in sedentary population. | 2016 | DOI 10.1039/c6fo00927a | PMID 27480079 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480079/ | https://doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00927a","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"source_locator","value_text":"Reviewed reference lines 55-55; exact primary location described in quoted passage where extracted.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"de1da5aa-d329-5adb-b695-042c863010e7","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 55-55","start_line":55,"end_line":55,"excerpt":"**Human blood was exposed outside the body.** Veach 2016 added 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid to blood from 22 sedentary participants. ADP-induced aggregation decreased at 2 mM, whereas collagen-induced aggregation did not significantly decrease. Flow cytometry recorded lower PAC-1 signal at 2 mM, CD62P at 1–2 mM, monocyte–platelet aggregates at 0.5–2 mM and CD31 at 1 mM. PAC-1 here is a platelet activation assay label; the abstract’s expansion as a procaspase-activating compound is not imported as a drug mechanism. This ex-vivo experiment is not an oral trial, direct P2Y12-binding assay or clinical thrombosis result. The millimolar exposures exceed the micromolar animal oral peaks cited above, without establishing any human equivalence. [Anti-platelet and anti-thrombogenic effects of shikimic acid in sedentary population.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27480079/)","model_system":"Blood from 22 sedentary humans, exposed ex vivo to 0.1–2 mM shikimic acid.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Exact excerpt of the retained AI-assisted reviewed reference; primary sources are cited in primary_references and access scope is retained. Not a verbatim quotation from a primary paper.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e6ae59de-0369-5c2f-8262-57d91302671c","stable_key":"import-31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07","title":"Shikimic acid: detailed mechanisms of action (reviewed 5 October 2026)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"Original AI-assisted review of primary studies and, where relevant, official regulatory records. Access level is retained per claim. Corrections, null results and unresolved questions remain explicit. Not publisher full text or independent replication.","file_path":"","sha256":"95b1f9e9577661312d67f36e156d2e49326b207f296c1c0e801a5b007fd8e283","revision_id":"cd3237f1-131a-557d-84b5-7543259807b0","review_status":"unverified_draft","notes":""}}],"relations":[{"id":"aad3923d-83bd-56f8-b11d-c7f15fba70a1","relation_type":"limits_scope_of","notes":"Different agonist contrast in the same study; do not generalize the ADP result to all platelet stimulation.","source_claim_id":"7ab4d3d6-a3dc-55f7-ba02-9f6b2663720b","source_claim_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:platelet-collagen","source_statement":"Shikimic acid did not significantly inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation in the tested human blood assay.","target_claim_id":"01d9082b-c725-5953-964b-b256fab77019","target_claim_key":"31b1baa4-4113-5541-b9e7-fe44a5253a07:platelet-adp","target_statement":"Ex-vivo 2 mM shikimic acid decreased ADP-induced platelet aggregation."}],"conflicts":[],"corrections":[],"research":null}