{"id":"00f450d5-8c57-5404-b8c5-b6e52d047e61","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-acyl-immune-cytokine","predicate":"increases","statement":"Palmitoylcarnitine exposure increased CXCL8 expression and IL-8 release in human donor leukocytes.","claim_class":"mechanistic","status":"source_derived_draft","evidence_grade":"ungraded","direction":"context_dependent","is_public":true,"mechanism_event_id":"3ceb8347-7383-54cc-9b33-8447f9eba500","mechanism_event_label":"The acylated molecule can promote an inflammatory response in cells.","subject":{"id":"f1c881ce-8094-5602-bb97-074377340185","slug":"palmitoylcarnitine","display_name":"Palmitoyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"object":{"id":"61111a1d-c9ad-551d-aef1-462bd88b0a37","slug":"human-leukocyte-palmitoylcarnitine-il8","display_name":"Human leukocyte IL-8 release during palmitoylcarnitine exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"evidence_count":1,"mechanism_event":{"id":"3ceb8347-7383-54cc-9b33-8447f9eba500","stable_key":"6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc:l-carnitine-acyl-immune-cytokine-event","event_type":"observed_relationship","label":"The acylated molecule can promote an inflammatory response in cells.","description":"Palmitoylcarnitine exposure increased CXCL8 expression and IL-8 release in human donor leukocytes.","status":"provisional","compartment":null,"participants":[{"entity":{"id":"f1c881ce-8094-5602-bb97-074377340185","slug":"palmitoylcarnitine","display_name":"Palmitoyl-L-carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"subject","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":0,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"61111a1d-c9ad-551d-aef1-462bd88b0a37","slug":"human-leukocyte-palmitoylcarnitine-il8","display_name":"Human leukocyte IL-8 release during palmitoylcarnitine exposure","entity_type_key":"cellular_process"},"role":"target","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":1,"notes":""},{"entity":{"id":"6e34c035-9371-578f-b799-fd2a14e9e40f","slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"},"role":"context_participant","stoichiometry":null,"state_label":"","sequence_order":2,"notes":""}]},"contexts":[{"dimension":"evidence_access","value_text":"Primary abstract and full-text PBMC exposure methods and results","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"experimental_model","value_text":"Human PBMCs; 2.5-25 micromolar dose range, four-hour exposure.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"limitations","value_text":"Does not prove a clinical inflammatory effect of carnitine supplements.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"L-Carnitine collection; isomer, preparation, species, exposure and manipulation remain explicit.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"l-carnitine","display_name":"L-Carnitine","entity_type_key":"small_molecule"}},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The acylated molecule can promote an inflammatory response in cells.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"Palmitoylcarnitine impairs immunity in decompensated cirrhosis. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39524205/ · DOI 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101187","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"2de3aec7-70a2-501e-8a90-d8ce0b4b5940","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 514-520","start_line":514,"end_line":520,"excerpt":"## l-carnitine-acyl-immune-cytokine\nThe acylated molecule can promote an inflammatory response in cells.\nPalmitoylcarnitine exposure increased CXCL8 expression and IL-8 release in human donor leukocytes.\nModel: Human PBMCs; 2.5-25 micromolar dose range, four-hour exposure.\nLimitations: Does not prove a clinical inflammatory effect of carnitine supplements.\nEvidence access: Primary abstract and full-text PBMC exposure methods and results\nPalmitoylcarnitine impairs immunity in decompensated cirrhosis. · 2024 · https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39524205/ · DOI 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101187","model_system":"Human PBMCs; 2.5-25 micromolar dose range, four-hour exposure.","directness":"reported_statement","verification_status":"source_derived_draft","notes":"Original curation paraphrase; evidence access and experimental limitations specified.","relationship":"supports","weight":1.0,"link_notes":"","source":{"id":"e2c9c42b-806a-55e2-abde-b0320ea94704","stable_key":"import-6cdb37aa-8998-5ea8-829d-4f995caf98fc","title":"L-Carnitine: synthesis, acyl-group transport, fuel selection and nutrient interactions (2026-09-19)","document_type":"imported_text","citation_label":"AI-assisted research curation; primary-abstract references and experimental limitations individually identified. 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