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Proposed crosslink identities depend on preparation and analytical methods; later work questions some pre-reacted ternary-adduct preparations.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"nutrient_topic","value_text":"Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":{"slug":"chromium","display_name":"Chromium","entity_type_key":"nutrient_element"}},{"dimension":"organism","value_text":"Chemical system with human fibroblast mutagenicity readout","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"plain_language","value_text":"The authors detected and assigned a glutathione-linked DNA lesion; the preparation and analytical assignment matter.","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"primary_references","value_text":"[chromium-p18808157] Reduction with glutathione is a weakly mutagenic pathway in chromium(VI) metabolism. (2008). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18808157/ DOI: 10.1021/tx800265g","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null},{"dimension":"tissue_or_cell_type","value_text":"DNA reaction mixture and reporter plasmid","comparator":null,"unit":null,"notes":"","entity":null}],"evidence":[{"id":"3442789a-259f-563e-9b44-f800ac4fc40e","evidence_kind":"source_excerpt","locator":"Lines 1173-1184","start_line":1173,"end_line":1184,"excerpt":"### chromium-gsh-chromate-adducts\nThe study attributed about 5% of total chromium-DNA adducts to GSH-Cr-DNA crosslinks at 2 mM glutathione, with four- to fivefold higher crosslinking at 5 mM.\nCondition category: normal\nnutrient_topic: Chromium research collection; topical membership is not evidence of a direct dietary effect.\nplain_language: The authors detected and assigned a glutathione-linked DNA lesion; the preparation and analytical assignment matter.\norganism: Chemical system with human fibroblast mutagenicity readout\ntissue_or_cell_type: DNA reaction mixture and reporter plasmid\nexperimental_model: Cell-free chromate reduction followed by plasmid replication in human fibroblasts\nlimitations: Toxicology assay, not oral chromium exposure. Proposed crosslink identities depend on preparation and analytical methods; later work questions some pre-reacted ternary-adduct preparations.\nexposure: 2 versus 5 mM glutathione with Cr(VI)\nevidence_span: {\"source_cache\": \"artifacts/chromium-research/18808157.abstract.txt\", \"locator\": \"Exact primary indexed abstract; zero-based, end-exclusive Unicode character offsets\", \"file_sha256\": \"ed2c80b5da41d110da38bc0ed29d900d1d33f4180b64e13cb9b24ae7da5e1cdb\", \"start_char\": 0, \"end_char\": 1724, \"text_sha256\": \"ed2c80b5da41d110da38bc0ed29d900d1d33f4180b64e13cb9b24ae7da5e1cdb\"}\n[chromium-p18808157] Reduction with glutathione is a weakly mutagenic pathway in chromium(VI) metabolism. 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